Native American Encyclopedia Papoose To Rosebud Reservation
designed similar carriers for soldiers called infantry packs See also cradleboard Parfleche is a rawhide bag Native Americans from the Plains carried food clothing tools and other valuables in a parfleche Parfleche is a French word that means deflects arrows This refers to the hardened surface of the bag Native Americans carried clothing and moccasins in a box-shaped parfleche They carried feather headdresses and hair roaches in a tube-shaped parfleche They would decorate a parfleche by painting it with geometric designs or a map of the surrounding land A common design was a river representing the circle of life See also Plains Indians 4 papoose The invention of the papoose allowed mothers to work while carrying their babies on their backs Papoose or cradleboard is a baby carrier used by Native Americans before the invention of strollers Papoose is an Algonquian word meaning child A papoose allowed a mother to carry her baby on her back with her hands free to work A papoose could also be propped up against something such as a tree Beadwork often adorned a papoose Mothers gave miniature papooses to young girls to decorate and for play which helped prepare them for motherhood The U S military was impressed with the usefulness of the papoose and words to know A parfleche was both beautiful and useful at the same time rawhide RAW-hyde animal skin that has been cleaned and then hardened in the sun
Paris Treaty of 1763 also known as the Peace of Paris ended the French and Indian War between Great Britain and France The treaty required France to give up all its territories in mainland North America After this treaty Britain had greater control of North America Soon after however colonists wanted to control the colonies This conflict led to the American Revolution See also American Revolution and French and Indian War Paris Treaty of 1783 also known as the Treaty of Paris ended the American Revolution fought between Great Britain and American colonists which began in 1775 On September 3 1783 John Adams Benjamin Franklin and John Jay representatives of the United States signed the treaty Through this treaty Europe officially accepted the existence of the United States of America The treaty also established the boundaries of the United States and called for all British forces to leave the country See also American Revolution Parka is a heavy jacket with a hood The Inuit of the Arctic invented the parka as protection from freezing wind and water The first parkas were made from parka 5 caribou or sealskin and lined with fur This protected the hunters faces from the cold The Inuit coated the outside with fish oil to make it waterproof See also Arctic Culture Area and Arctic Peoples Parkas allowed people of the Arctic to withstand temperatures below 0 F 18 C
6 Parker Arthur Caswell Parker Arthur Caswell 1881 1955 was a Seneca Iroquois archeologist history writer and expert on Native American culture He was the first archeologist for the New York State Museum He also helped create the Society of American Indians which educated people about Native Americans In 1925 he became the director of the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences In 1935 he became the first president of the Society of American Archeology In 1944 he helped create the National Congress of American Indians an organization dedicated to giving authority back to tribes Parker Cynthia Ann about 1825 about 1871 was the daughter of Texas pioneers Raiding Comanche warriors captured her when she was nine years old A Comanche couple raised her and named her Preloch As an adult she married a chief and they had two sons and a daughter Texas Rangers captured Parker and her baby daughter from the Comanches and brought them to her Texas relatives She tried many times to escape from Texas and return to her Comanche family After one of her sons and then her daughter died of illness Parker followed the Comanche custom of refusing to eat She grew ill and died at the age of 43 See also Comanche Cynthia Ann Parker cut her hair as a Comanche symbol of grief believing that her husband Chief Peta Nocona had been killed by the Texas Raiders who captured her Parker Ely Samuel 1828-1895 was a leader of the Seneca tribe of the Iroquois Nation He worked in a New York law firm for three years He applied to take the bar examination which would allow him to become a lawyer However he was banned from the examination because he was not of European descent Therefore he studied engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy New York and worked as a civil engineer Next he fought in the American Civil War as brigadier general for the Union When the Confederate general surrendered Parker wrote the legal documents of surrender After the war he became the head of the Federal Commission on Indian Affairs from 1869 to 1871
patrilineal descent 7 also founded the Native American Church which practiced the peyote religion See also Comanche and Parker Cynthia Ann Passamaquoddy refers to the Native American nation that originally lived from Maine to Canada’s New Brunswick They grew corn beans and squash also hunting inland in the winter In the summer they moved to the coast and caught seafood including porpoise They carved birch bark canoes and fished with spears They traded goods with neighboring Native Americans but often fought with members of the Iroquois Nation Today most Passamaquoddy live in Maine on two reservations One band lives in Canada but does not have a reserve there Patrilineal descent refers to the kinship of a person to the father and his ancestors In a European patrilineal system for example children inherit their father’s last name In a Native American patrilineal system children become members of their father’s clan See also matrilineal descent words to know ancestors AN-sess-terz family members born before a person such as the person’s great grandparents great great grandparents and so on kinship KIN-ship the relationship between blood relatives as with a parent and child Quanah Parker helped his people adapt to the U S culture while preserving their own Parker Quanah about late 1840s 1911 was the last chief of the Comanches He was the son of Cynthia Ann Parker and the Comanche chief Peta Nocona He led raids against frontier settlements in Texas for eight years He chose to surrender and help his people adjust to the U S culture After learning English Parker became wealthy as a farmer and an agent for Native Americans and U S businessmen In 1886 he became a judge for the Court of Indian Affairs In 1890 he became the principal chief of all Comanche bands He
