Native American Encyclopedia Indian Wars To Massachuset
Rourke’s Native American History Culture Volume 5 Indian Wars to Massachuset By Sandy Sepehri Project Consultant Scott Lyons Ph D
On The Cover Detail from a painting by Karl Bodmer 1809-1893 Tepee in Alberta Canada Zuni girl photographed by Edward S Curtis 1903 Anasazi cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park Colorado Project Consultant Scott Lyons Ph D an Ojibwe from Leech Lake teaches at Syracuse University He is also a columnist for Indian Country Today a Native American on-line and print publication 2009 Rourke Publishing LLC All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher www rourkepublishing com Photo credits Cover Photos V J Matthew John S Sfondilias and Library of Congress heiroglyph illustrations on cover and headers Revva Tatsiana Page 4 courtesy of the Library of Congress Pages 5 and 6 Edward S Curtis Collection Library of Congress Joseph Brant image courtesy of the Library of congress Page 9 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 9b paulaphoto Page 10 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 11 Edward S Curtis collection Library of congress Page 11b Knumina Page 13 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 14 nicoolay Page 15 Terrill White Page 17 Edward S Curtis collection Library of Congress Page 18 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 19 Edward S Curtis Collection Library of Congress Pages 20 22 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 23 UM Page 24 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 25 TTphoto Page 26 Ronald Sherwood Pages 27 31 Edward S Curtis Collection Library of congress Page 34 Nikater Page 35 ish ishwar Page 36 Michael J Thompson Page 36b Kiowa ledger Page 37 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 38 NOAA Pages 39 and 40 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 42 Nikater Page 44 Alice Weniger Page 44 Günter Strube Page 45 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 46 courtesy of the U S Bureau of the Census Page 48 YinYang Pages 49 50 courtesy of the Library of congress Page 52 Maria Martinez and Family pottery Courtesy Mark Sublette Medicine Man Gallery Tucson AZ and Santa Fe NM Page 53 Edward S Curtis collection Library of Congress Page 54 Nikater pages 56 62 art by Charles Reasoner Editor Meg Greve Cover and page design by Nicola Stratford Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sepehri Sandy Rourke's Native American history culture encyclopedia Sandy Sepehri p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-60472-421-9 alk paper 1 Indians of North America Encyclopedias Juvenile I Title II Title Rourke's Native American history and culture encyclopedia III Title Native American history culture encyclopedia E76 2 S46 2009 970 004'97 dc22 2008034816 Volume 5 of 10 ISBN 978-1-60472-711-1 Printed in the USA CG CG www rourkepublishing com rourke rourkepublishing com Post Office Box 3328 Vero Beach FL 32964
Introduction In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed from Europe to North America and changed the world forever Soon people from crowded European cities learned of the New World a big beautiful place where they could hunt farm and worship in freedom For the millions of people already living there however this world was not new it was home Their ancestors had been living on the American continents for thousands of years They had their own rich civilizations languages and cultures Columbus called them Indians thinking he had reached India Today in the United States they are called Native Americans and in Canada they are called First Peoples They are further categorized by their tribal names such as Cherokee Mohawk or Hopi Translated into English many tribal names simply mean The People As this name implies they were the people of the land the only people Then Europeans came to North America Colonists settled the eastern coast of North America and later established the United States Then pioneers arrived and moved to new areas west of the colonies The incoming Europeans brought a hunger for more land They also brought diseases for which the Native Americans had no immunity During a period of four hundred years after the arrival of Columbus both the Native Americans and the settlers faced immense challenges During this time millions of Native Americans died from disease and war Since the 1900s however their populations have grown and much of their culture has survived This encyclopedia series presents significant people and events in the history of Native Americans from the arrival of the Europeans to present-day events 1 2 3 4 1 People are listed with their last name first 2 The entries reference over 200 Native American tribes They are listed by their most familiar name A pronunciation chart is provided for many of the tribe names on page 64 3 Cross-references direct you to additional information related to a topic 4 Words to Know glossary is embedded in the text to help you pronounce and understand unfamiliar words
