Native American Encyclopedia Fox To Indian Territory
Rourke’s Native American History Culture ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume 4 Fox to Indian Territory By Julie K Lundgren Project Consultant Scott Lyons Ph D Rourke Publishing LLC Vero Beach Florida 32964
On The Cover Project Consultant Scott Lyons Ph D an Ojibwe from Leech Lake teaches at Syracuse University He is also a columnist for Indian Country Today a Native American on-line and print publication 2009 Rourke Publishing LLC All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher Detail from a painting by Karl Bodmer 1809-1893 www rourkepublishing com Photo credits Cover Photos V J Matthew John S Sfondilias and Library of Congress Page 4 Karl Bodmer Page 6 George Catlin Pages 8 Courtesy of Library of congress Page 10 Library of Congress Civil War Collection Page 11 SalomonCeb Page 12 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 13b Wmpearl Page 14 Leo Kowal Pages 15 16 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 17 Edward S Curtis Collection Library of Congress Page 18 Courtesy of Library of congress Page 20 Ra'ike Page 21 National Archives and Records Administration Page 22 Edward S Curtis Collection Library of Congress Page 23 Ryan Bushby Page 24 Courtesy of Library of congress Page 26 Raphaelle Peale Page 27 Edward S Curtis Collection Library of Congress Page 28 Courtesy of Library of congress Page 29 Bryan Brazil Page 29b Gary Blakeley Pages 30 31 32 33 34 Courtesy of Library of congress Page 35 Suzanne Long Page 35b Ivan Cholakov Page 36 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 37 MWaits Pages 38 40 41 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 42 Winthrop Brookhouse Page 43 PCL Map Collection at the University of Texas Libraries Page 43b Nmajdan Page 44 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 44b The University of South Dakota 1975 From the Collection of the University of South Dakota Page 45 Edward S Curtis Collection Library of Congress Page 46 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 46b David P Lewis Page 47 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 47b Edward S Curtis Collection Library of Congress Pages 48 51 52 Courtesy of Library of Congress Page 54 Nikater Also the author thanks historian Mark J Johnston Editor Meg Greve Cover and page design by Nicola Stratford Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sepehri Sandy Rourke's Native American history culture encyclopedia Sandy Sepehri p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-60472-421-9 alk paper 1 Indians of North America Encyclopedias Juvenile I Title II Title Rourke's Native American history and culture encyclopedia III Title Native American history culture encyclopedia E76 2 S46 2009 970 004'97 dc22 2008034816 Tepee in Alberta Canada Zuni girl photographed by Edward S Curtis 1903 Volume 4 of 10 ISBN 978-1-60472-710-4 Printed in the USA CG CG Anasazi cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park Colorado www rourkepublishing com rourke rourkepublishing com Post Office Box 3328 Vero Beach FL 32964 1
Introduction In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed from Europe to North America and changed the world forever Soon people from crowded European cities learned of the New World a big beautiful place where they could hunt farm and worship in freedom For the millions of people already living there however this world was not new it was home Their ancestors had been living on the American continents for thousands of years They had their own rich civilizations languages and cultures Columbus called them Indians thinking he had reached India Today in the United States they are called Native Americans and in Canada they are called First Peoples They are further categorized by their tribal names such as Cherokee Mohawk or Hopi Translated into English many tribal names simply mean The People As this name implies they were the people of the land the only people Then Europeans came to North America Colonists settled the eastern coast of North America and later established the United States Then pioneers arrived and moved to new areas west of the colonies The incoming Europeans brought a hunger for more land They also brought diseases for which the Native Americans had no immunity During a period of four hundred years after the arrival of Columbus both the Native Americans and the settlers faced immense challenges During this time millions of Native Americans died from disease and war Since the 1900s however their populations have grown and much of their culture has survived This encyclopedia series presents significant people and events in the history of Native Americans from the arrival of the Europeans to present-day events 1 2 3 4 1 People are listed with their last name first 2 The entries reference over 200 Native American tribes They are listed by their most familiar name A pronunciation chart is provided for many of the tribe names on page 64 3 Cross-references direct you to additional information related to a topic 4 Words to Know glossary is embedded in the text to help you pronounce and understand unfamiliar words
