Native American Encyclopedia Abalone Shells To Bone Artifacts
4 abalone shells Abalone shells are used by Native Their food included maize also known Americans to make jewelry The abalone is as corn beans squash deer moose a type of mollusk The shell of the abalone muskrat otter bear and fish The Abenaki is lined with a shiny iridescent layer To be fertilized their maize with dead fish They made into jewelry the shiny layer is lived in wigwams and wore clothing made broken split cut and polished from animal hides They used tree bark to make canoes and containers Native Americans used abalone shells to make simple beads or intricate carvings for their jewelry Abenaki also known as Abnaki Wabanaki and Wapanahki meaning people of the dawn or easterners a confederacy of many Algonquian speaking tribes lived in what is now Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts and sections of eastern Canada This watercolor shows an Abenaki couple in the 18th century The Abenaki were among the first Native Americans to meet Europeans During the wars between the French and the English who fought for control of North America the Abenaki sided with the French After the Abenaki confederacy was defeated by the English in 1725 many of the Abenaki moved to sections of Canada ruled by the French See also Dummer's War and wigwam The flag of the St Francis Sokoki band of the Abenaki includes symbols such as the sun and water
acculturations Aboriginal peoples also known as Seminole War which was waged between Native Americans indigenous peoples the Seminoles and the United States Army First Peoples native peoples First Nations from 1817 to 1818 Abraham fought with and Aborigines are believed to be the the Seminoles and became a member of original people to live in a particular the Seminole Nation He married the location widow of Chief Bowlegs and became the chief advisor to Chief Micanopy of the See also American Indians Alachua Seminoles See also Seminole and Seminole Wars Abraham 1782 unknown also known as Sauanaffe Tustunnagee meaning Suwannee warrior was a Black Seminole warrior Black Seminoles were Africans who escaped slavery and found freedom in Florida among the Seminole Nation Acculturation refers to the changes that one culture experiences when it meets another culture This change can happen naturally as when Native Americans learned European ways of hunting and farming One culture can also force acculturation on another For example beginning in the late 1800s the U S government forced some Native American children to attend boarding schools There the children were taught English and job skills They were not allowed to speak their native languages See also Indian boarding schools Abraham was a Black Seminole warrior and part of the Seminole Nation from its beginning in Florida WORDS TO KNOW Abraham escaped slavery by joining the British army during the War of 1812 He helped build a fort in Florida that became a safe place for runaway slaves This fort was attacked during the first confederacy kun FEH der ah see groups who work together toward a common goal iridescent EAR ah deh sent having changing rainbow colors as seen on bubbles mollusk mall UHSK a soft bodied invertebrate an animal that has no backbone such as a snail
6 Achomawi Achomawi also known as Pit River Indians are Native Americans who lived in the river basin of the Pit River in north central California They spoke a Palaihnihan branch of the Hokan family of languages They lived in bark lodges and partially underground homes in the winter They ate fish wildfowl and vegetables They were known to be expert basket weavers Spanish settlers built this mission church in the Acoma Pueblo in the 1600s Acoma Pueblo is a 70 acre village in New Mexico It was built on top of a mesa that is almost 400 feet high Another name for this pueblo is Sky City It is believed to have been built in the 1100s Its high location and steep sides protected the Acoma people from raiders The Acoma Pueblo is said to be the oldest continually inhabited community in the United States Today less than 50 people live in Sky City About 3 000 Acomans live in nearby villages These people continue the traditions of their ancestors Many of them are farmers Some practice their traditional religion and others observe the Catholic religion which was brought by Spanish settlers in the 1500s On special feast days all the Acomans gather together on the ancient mesa for cultural celebrations The Achomawi crafted baskets using grasses and willow which they colored with vegetable dyes WORDS TO KNOW Latin alphabet lah TIN al FAH bet the alphabet used by most people in North America and in many other places it is also called the Roman alphabet mesa MAY suh a flat topped hill with cliff like sides many mesas can be found in the southwestern United States river basin RIH vur BAY sin the area of land that is drained by a certain river as well as the creeks and streams that flow into that river needed Seeds were stored inside this Acoman seed pot The pots were broken as
Ahtena 7 Adena culture refers to Native American societies that existed from 1000 B C to 100 B C The Adena lived in Ohio Indiana West Virginia Kentucky and parts of Pennsylvania and New York They are known for the mounds of earth that they built These mounds were 20 to 300 feet 6 to 91 meters across and were used for burials This adobe brick was dried and hardened in the sun Adz is a tool similar to an ax Originally the blade was made from stone shell bone or copper Later Native Americans learned from Europeans to make the blades with iron An adz was used to hollow out a tree log so it could be made into a canoe Grave Creek Mound in Moundsville West Virginia is the largest conical type burial mound in the United States Adobe is the name for a kind of building material and for the buildings that are made with it Native Americans of the Southwest built adobe homes and apartments Adobe bricks are made of clay water straw and burned twigs and grass Once the bricks are shaped they are dried in the sun Adobe homes were often built together as apartments Many families lived in each apartment As families grew rooms were added to the tops of the buildings Several of these apartments were considered a village This kind of village is called an adobe pueblo Ahtena also known as Ahtna and Atnatuna meaning Ice People is the name of a tribe of Native Americans who live in south central Alaska The Ahtena live in the basin of the Copper River Their language is also called Ahtena and it is written in the Latin alphabet CANADA Alaska UNITED STATES
