CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 12 14 16 16 17 18 18 CHAPTER 1 CHEMISTRY DEFINED Using Chemical Analysis Classical Qualitative Analysis Flame Tests Spot Tests Wet Tests Classical Quantitative Analysis Gravimetric Analysis Density Volumetric Analysis Instrumental Analysis Spectral Methods Electrical methods Separatory Methods 19 22 23 24 25 28 29 31 CHAPTER 2 MATTER The States of Matter Atomic Theory of Matter Atomic Theory and the States of Matter The Fourth State of Matter Mass and Weight Atoms and the Elements 35 38 40 41 43 45 CHAPTER 3 ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE Naming Elements Atomic Properties Atomic Number Isotopes 47 47 48
49 50 Atomic Mass or Atomic Weight Electron Shells and Chemical Activity Elements Form Groups and Periods The Noble Gases 52 55 56 classification of Elements in the Periodic Table 60 62 CHAPTER 4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS Elements compounds and Mixtures Solutions Molecules and Chemical Formulas Chemical Equations 63 67 70 72 74 74 76 CHAPTER 5 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND BONDS Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Making a compound Important Inorganic compounds Sulfuric Acid Sodium Chloride Hydrochloric Acid Nitrogen Compounds 78 79 80 82 84 86 88 89 91 92 94 CHAPTER 6 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND BONDS The Family of Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons of the Benzene Type Compounds with Double and Triple Bonds Classification of Carbon Compounds Many kinds of Alcohols Aldehydes Ketones and Ethers Two Types of Organic Acids Esters Amines and Amides Compounds with Double Acting Groups chemical characteristics of Fats Carbohydrates and Proteins Helpful Vitamins and Drugs Synthetics Fibers Plastics and Rubber 95 96 97 98 99 100 101
103 103 105 108 110 CHAPTER 7 THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY The Period of Magic The Sterile Period of Alchemy The Beginnings of Modern Chemistry Dalton's Theory of Atoms The Rise of Organic Chemistry More New Fields of Investigation The Development of Physical Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry and Atomic Structure New Synthetic Materials Chemistry for a New Millennium 111 112 114 116 18 119 122 125 CONCLUSION GLOSSARY FOR MORE INFORMATION FOR FURTHER READING 127 130 INDEX 133
