Archimedes created mathematical rules and inventions that we still use today He was born in Syracuse Sicily in what is now Italy He was born sometime between 290 and 280 BCE Archimedes studied in Egypt but lived most of his life in Syracuse He died in approximately 212 BCE Like other ancient scientists Archimedes studied many different things He believed strongly in experimentation He created many different machines One machine is called Archimedes screw It moves water from one place to another It is a tube set at a 45-degree angle Inside the tube is a screw As the screw turns water moves up the tube It is pushed out the other end It was used to remove water from inside large ships THINK ABOUT IT Archimedes and other ancient scientists studied many different things Why do you think scientists in the ancient world studied many different subjects instead of just one Archimedes was a mathematician in ancient Italy ARCHIMEDES EXPERIMENTS WITH FLOTATION 1 4
Versions of the screw are still used today Archimedes is most famous for Archimedes principle It explains what makes things float It also explains why some things float while others do not Archimedes made many other discoveries in mathematics geometry and physics European mathematicians rediscovered his work in the 1500s It helped develop the future of mathematics His discoveries have become the basis for much of modern science 9 Number of Archimedes formal papers that have survived Archimedes was born in Syracuse Sicily between 290 and 280 BCE He discovered many geometric and mathematical principles He invented machines such as Archimedes screw that are still used today EUREKA A popular story about Archimedes claims he discovered Archimedes principle in the bathtub He supposedly jumped out of the bath and shouted Eureka Eureka means I have found it in ancient Greek Eureka is now something people say when they make a discovery Archimedes screw moves water from one location to another 5
Norman Borlaug was a leading scientist in the study of plants He was born in the farming town of Cresco Iowa in 1914 He worked on his parents farm He learned to work hard Borlaug was the first person in his family to go to college He studied agricultural science at the University of Minnesota After graduating Borlaug worked in Mexico Farmers there could not grow enough food The wheat they grew was not strong enough It could not survive disease and the weather The farmers were not growing enough food to feed all of Mexico’s people Borlaug came up with a way to fix the problem He created a new type of wheat by breeding different types together The new wheat resisted disease It did not bend over in the wind With the new wheat Mexican Borlaug created different types of wheat NORMAN BORLAUG SAVES BILLIONS OF LIVES 2 6
farmers could produce enough food They were able to feed Mexico’s people by 1956 Borlaug’s new wheat spread across the world Billions of people were fed who otherwise might have starved Borlaug received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for the lives he saved 198 million Approximate number of acres 80 million ha planted with wheat varieties Borlaug’s work helped develop Borlaug was born in Cresco Iowa in 1914 He created a new type of wheat that resisted disease and grew in different climates In 1970 Borlaug received the Nobel Peace Prize for the lives he saved Because of Borlaug’s work wheat grows in difficult areas such as mountains 7
