Encyclopedia Of American Indian History and Culture
CONTENTS How to Use This Book 6 Introduction 8 Map of Native American and First Nation Canadian Regions 12 THE ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC 14 The Story of the Arctic and Subarctic People 16 Time Line of the Arctic and Subarctic 18 Ahtna 20 Aleut 21 Alutiit 22 Cree 23 Dena'ina 25 Eyak 26 Gwich'in 27 Holikachuk 29 Did You Know Atanarjuat 30 Iglulit 32 Innu 33 Inupiat 35 Inuvialuit 36 Oji-Cree James Bay Cree 37 Yup’ik 38 Raven’s Great Adventure 40 THE NORTHEAST 42 The Story of the Northeastern People 44 Time Line of the Northeast 46 Cayuga 48 Kickapoo 49 Maliseet 51 Menominee 52 Micmac 53 Mohawk 54 Did You Know Lacrosse 56 Mohegan 58 Narragansett 59 Ojibwe 60 Oneida 61 Onondaga 63 Ottawa 64 Passamaquoddy 65 Penobscot 66 Pequot 67 Potawatomi 69 Powhatan 70 Seneca 71 Shinnecock 72 Tuscarora 73 Wampanoag 75 The Woman Who Fell From the Sky 76 THE SOUTHEAST 78 The Story of the Southeastern People 80 Time Line of the Southeast 82 Biloxi 84 Catawba 85 Cherokee 86 Chitimacha 87 Choctaw 89 Did You Know The Stomp Dance 90 Coushatta 92 Creek 93 Miccosukee 94 Seminole 96 Tunica 97 The Journey of the Choctaw and Chickasaw 98 THE PLAINS 100 The Story of the Plains People 102 Time Line of the Plains 104 Alabama 106 Arapaho 107 Arikara 108 Assiniboine 109 Blackfeet 111 Caddo 112 Cheyenne 113 Chickasaw 114 Comanche 115 Crow 117 Delaware 118 Gros Ventre 119 Hidatsa 120 Ho-Chunk 121 Iowa 122 Kaw 123 Kiowa 125 Mandan 126 Miami 127 Modoc 128 Omaha 129 Osage 131 Did You Know Standing Rock 132 Otoe-Missouria 134 Pawnee 135 Peoria 136 Plains Cree 137 Ponca 138 Quapaw 139 Sac Fox 140 Shawnee 142 Sioux 143 Tonkawa 144 Wichita 145 Wyandotte 147 Coyote and the Turkeys 148
THE SOUTHWEST 150 The Story of the Southwestern People 152 Time Line of the Southwest 154 Apache 156 Cocopah 158 Havasupai 159 Hopi 160 Hualapai 161 Maricopa 162 Mojave 164 Navajo 165 Pima 166 Did You Know The Taos Pueblo 168 Pueblo 170 Quechan 171 Tigua 172 Tohono O’odham 173 Yaqui 174 Yavapai 175 Zuni 177 How the Stars Came to Be 178 THE GREAT BASIN AND PLATEAU 180 The Story of the Great Basin and Plateau People 182 Time Line of the Great Basin and Plateau 184 Bannock 186 Cayuse 187 Coeur d’Alene 189 Colville 190 Goshute 191 Klamath 193 Kootenai 194 Nez Perce 195 Paiute 196 Did You Know Nez Perce Horses 198 Pend d’Oreille 200 Salish 201 Shoshone 202 Spokane 204 Umatilla 205 Ute 206 Walla Walla 207 Warm Springs 208 Yahooskin 210 Yakama 211 How Coyote Came By His Powers 212 THE NORTHWEST COAST 214 The Story of the Northwest Coast People 216 Time Line of the Northwest Coast 218 Chehalis 220 Chinook 221 Coos Umpqua Siuslaw 222 Coquille 223 Cowlitz 225 Grand Ronde 226 Haida 227 Lummi 228 Makah 229 Muckleshoot 230 Puyallup 231 Quileute 232 Did You Know Transformation Masks 234 Quinault 236 S’klallam 237 Skokomish 238 Snoqualmie 239 Squaxin Island 240 Stillaguamish 242 Suquamish 243 Swinomish 244 Tlingit 245 The Thunderbird and the Whale 246 CALIFORNIA 248 The Story of the California People 250 Time Line of California 252 Cahto 254 Cahuilla 255 Chemehuevi 257 Chumash 258 Cupeño 259 Hupa 261 Karuk 262 Kumeyaay 263 Luiseño 265 Did You Know Coso Mountain Petroglyphs 266 Maidu 268 Mattole 269 Miwok 270 Mono 271 Pit River 273 Pomo 274 Round Valley 276 Serrano 277 Shasta 278 Tolowa 279 Wailaki 281 Washoe 282 Wintun 283 Wiyot 284 Yokut 286 Yurok 287 The Rabbit and the Frog 288 Glossary 290 Federally Recognized Tribes 293 Reservation and Reserve Lands 294 Index 296 Consultants 301 Photo Credits 301
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK The The Encyclopedia of American Indian History and Culture takes a tour of the United States and Canada with a chapter for each of eight major regions of the area the Arctic and subarctic the Northeast the Southeast the Plains the Southwest the Great Basin and Plateau the Northwest Coast and California You can read the book from cover to cover or choose a region or tribe that interests you Each chapter begins with an introduction and a map of ancestral lands You’ll discover how people came to inhabit the region in the first place and how they developed ways of life that depended on the natural resources available to them You’ll also learn about the impact that white settlers had on tribal life during the decades following first contact These were turbulent times during which many Native people suffered from disease brutality and relocation The introduction concludes with a short account of tribal life today and the ways in which indigenous indigenous peoples have managed in recent years to right some of the past wrongs inflicted on them The tribes included in each chapter are based on where those tribes live today For this reason not every tribe in each section appears on the map at the start of the chapter The maps show ancestral lands to give readers a sense of how much area each tribe once occupied Following each chapter introduction is a time line with 15 to 20 key dates in the region’s tribal histories You can turn to this when reading about the tribes to see how the major events unfolded in a particular region Significant conflicts acts of legislation and cultural or political milestones are all listed here Next from that region the chapter tells the stories of tribes from their origins thousands of years ago to the lifeways and achievements of their people in the present day There is an emphasis on the traditions that have shaped the indigenous peoples of the United States and Canada traditions that remain at the heart of their culture You’ll find the tribes organized organized alphabetically within each chapter according to the names by which they are best known While a given tribe might have lived in more than one region during the course of its his tory each is featured in the chapter for the region in which the majority of its people live today Interspersed with the tribal stories you’ll find biographies of leading native figures past and present and special features on many cultural aspects of tribal life including clothing transportation transportation ceremonies and crafts Turn to the end of each chapter for a traditional story from one of the region’s tribes An introduction to each chapter tells the story of its people including how environ mental factors and historic events shaped their lives A map shows the tribes ances tral lands The larger the letters in the labels and the wider the spacing between them the more land the tribe occupied A time line offers an instant history of the region A short introduction summarizes the ways in which tribal life has changed over the centuries A map key shows the labeling used to identify each tribe on the regional map A locator map shows where the region lies within North America Working from the earliest times to the present day the time line highlights the dates and events that had the greatest impact on tribal life 6
Special features and In the Know panels focus on cultural themes that are specific to a given tribe or to the tribes of the region as a whole The text is richly illustrated with photographs illustrations illustrations and paintings paintings that capture the spirit of each tribe and its unique culture All chapters end with a traditional story from one of the featured tribes These stories have been passed down through many generations Key facts include a pronunciation guide for the tribe’s name and information on its location both pre and post contact A language guide includes tribal words for a greet ing and thank you Most are written phonetically phonetically and can be spoken just as they appear Each chapter includes a Did You Know photo feature that focuses on one specific event or cultural theme The photographs that accompany the stories reflect on the important role that nature continues to play in tribal culture 7
