THE Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Elements THE POWERS USES AND HISTORIES OF EVERY ATOM IN THE UNIVERSE By Lisa Congdon chronicle Books San Francisco 45 Rh 67 Ho 1 H Flouride protection Toothpaste f 9 28 Ni 3 Li 145000 Lithium 15 P Safety Matches 36 KR 78 PT 79 AU
Introduction When I was a little girl I would sit at the kitchen table and watch my father work After dinner he would write equations on graph paper I knew he was a scientist but the exquisite handwritten equations were all I knew about what my father did in his career as a physicist At that time I was intrigued but science seemed mysterious and complicated to me It wasn’t until I became an elementary school teacher in my early twenties and began teaching various science subjects to my students that science came to life for me I loved learning with my students about the elements that make up the universe Years later I am no longer a teacher but a professional artist and making this book is a way for me to use my interest in science and my love for drawing pictures to bring the elements of the periodic table to life for kids and adults alike Both art and science are enormously creative fields Both require openness to innovation and rigorous discipline Both force us to experiment with our ideas in the zone where our minds and hands come together Artists and scientists dive deep into their subject matter and study things such as people culture history religion and mythology From these investigations we have the opportunity to transform information into something new The periodic table is a catalog of everything tangible in our world Everything we touch eat drink and breathe is made up of the elements Some elements are so common that they are part of our everyday vocabulary such as oxygen aluminum and silver Conversely some elements such as yttrium antimony and moscovium are so obscure that their names and uses are unknown to many of us At first glance the periodic table of elements might look like a boring uninspiring chart And if you look at it simply as a series of boxes it will be pretty boring However if you dive into the table you will begin to understand that it is not boring at all nor is it mysterious or random as I once thought It is a chart that is organized by predictable truths about the way everything on Earth is built starting with tiny atoms and even tinier protons neutrons and electrons With a few exceptions nearly every element on the periodic table has a purpose in our world Even some of the most poisonous or dangerous elements have compelling roles in our lives Some elements keep our bodies working efficiently Others kill deadly cancer cells and help us detect harmful diseases Still others are mined from rocks for bridges buildings and airplanes We are constantly finding new ways to use the elements in technology health care and the generation of energy to fuel our world If you are a person who likes to ask why and how you might already be a scientist In this book I will introduce you to the dynamic and fascinating elements the roles they play in our lives and how they function in the world as well as some of the compelling stories about the people who discovered them Dmitri Mendeleev the guy who organized the periodic table back in 1869 was a curious young person just like you Every discovery starts with curiosity 8
What is an Element Everything in the world that you see and feel your body the ground you are standing on the book you are holding the stars in the sky is made of elements There are 118 known elements in the universe More than 90 are naturally occurring on Earth and the remainder are human-made In turn the elements are made up of gazillions of tiny atoms A single element is a pure substance that is made from one kind of atom and can’t be broken down into any smaller simpler substances For example the element hydrogen contains only hydrogen atoms and the element silver contains only silver atoms WHAT IS AN ELEMENT 9
