1 Eadweard Muybridge Makes Pictures Move In the mid-1800s a heated debate was going on People argued whether a horse lifted all four feet off the ground as it ran Horses moved their feet too fast for people to see In 1872 British photographer Eadweard Muybridge was hired to settle this argument At the time cameras could take only one photograph Then new 4 film had to be added Also shutter speeds were slow They could not clearly capture fast movement To photograph a horse running Muybridge worked to increase the shutter speed of cameras His could open and snap shut in about 1 1000th of a second Also he lined up a series of cameras In this way he could take several photographs One right after another Muybridge took photos as a horse ran past his cameras The images captured the movement of the horse They showed that it lifted all four feet off the ground as it ran The argument was settled But more importantly Muybridge kept using this method of photography He took pictures of other animals He took pictures of people jumping and fencing To display these photographs Muybridge created the
Muybridge’s zoopraxiscope and circular glass plate with photos zoopraxiscope He placed a series of photos along the edge of a circular glass plate The glass plate spun around A light projected the images onto a wall one right after another This created the illusion of movement Muybridge’s work inspired the idea of moving pictures Or what people now call movies 55 12 Number of cameras Muybridge used to take his first series of photographs Muybridge increased the shutter speed of cameras He invented the zoopraxiscope to show series of photographs Muybridge’s work helped make moving pictures a reality
2 Thomas Edison Turns Moving Pictures into Movies In the late 1880s inventor Thomas Edison was working on a new idea Years earlier Eadweard Muybridge had taken series of photographs of animals and people in motion When seen in rapid succession they gave the impression of movement Edison wanted to expand on this idea Edison worked with inventor William Kennedy Dickson Together they created the kinetograph This camera took a series of photographs on a long strip of film The film was viewed through an eyepiece on a device called a kinetoscope When a A kinetograph from 1891 series of photographs moved through the kinetoscope they created the illusion of movement Edison also came up with the idea for the perforated edges on film These notches moved film through a camera They also kept movie film moving at a constant speed through a projector In the early 1890s C Frances Jenkins invented the phantoscope This machine projected pictures onto a screen Then a roomful of people could watch a movie Louis and Auguste Lumiére were French inventors In 1895 they 6
invented the cinématographe This device both recorded and projected moving pictures It was the first easily used movie camera The Lumiére brothers made movies showing everyday events such as Workers Leaving the Lumiére Factory 1895 They turned viewing movies into a popular form of entertainment THINK ABOUT IT Edison is often credited with inventing the movie camera But other inventors also worked on this idea Do you think Edison deserves all the credit 16 Frames per second the Lumiére brothers used to make their movies Edison invented the kinetoscope People could watch movies by looking through an eyepiece Jenkins invented the phantoscope which projected pictures onto a screen The Lumiére brothers invented the cinématographe This camera could both record and project a movie 7
