no starch press ohmsha The Manga Guide to MicroProcessors Michio shibuya Takashi Tonagi and office sawa
contents Preface xi 1 What Does the cPU Do 1 Computers Can Process Any Type of Information 11 The CPU Is the Core of Each Computer 14 The Five Components of a Modern Computer 16 ALUs The CPU’s Core 22 CPUs Process Operations and Make Decisions 25 What Is Information Anyway 30 The Difference Between Analog and Digital Information 31 2 Digital operations 35 The Computer’s World Is Binary 36 The Reciprocal States of 1 and 0 37 Decimal vs Binary Number Systems 38 Expressing Numbers in Binary 40 Fixed-Point and Floating-Point Fractions 42 Addition and Subtraction in Binary 44 What Are Logic Operations 48 Integrated Circuits Contain Logic Gates 48 The Three Basic Logic Gates AND OR and NOT 51 Truth Tables and Venn Diagrams 53 A Summary of the AND OR and NOT Gates 55 Other Basic Gates NAND NOR and XOR 57 A Summary of the NAND NOR and XOR Gates 58 De Morgan’s Laws 60 Circuits That Perform Arithmetic 62 The Addition Circuit 62 The Half Adder 64 The Full Adder and Ripple Carry Adder 66 The Carry Look-Ahead Adder 68 Circuits That Remember 70 Circuits with Memory Are a Necessity 70 Flip-Flop The Basics of Memory Circuits 74 The RS Flip-Flop 76 The D Flip-Flop and the Clock 78 The T Flip-Flop and Counters 81 Modern Circuit Design CAD and FPGA 85
