Ultimate Explorer Field Guide: Insects

Ultimate Explorer Field Guide: Insects — page 3 — AMERICAN RUBYSPOT PAGE 21 Contents INSECT REPORT NON INSECT ARTHROPODS About Insects 6 A World of Insects 8 Where to Find Them 9 Protecting Insects 11 How to Use This Book 12 INSECT REPORT METAMORPHOSIS 14 INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Mayflies Ephemeridae 16 Dragonflies Aeshnidae 17 Dragonflies Cordulegastridae 18 Dragonflies Gomphidae 19 Dragonflies Libellulidae 20 Damselflies Calopterygidae 21 Damselflies Lestidae 22 Damselflies Coenagrionidae 23 INSECT REPORT JUST WING IT 24 Stoneflies Pteronarcyidae 26 Stoneflies Capniidae 27 Walkingsticks Diapheromeridae 28 Walkingsticks Phasmatidae 30 Walkingsticks Pseudophasmatidae 31 Walkingsticks Timematidae Mantids Mantidae Cockroaches Blattidae Cockroaches Blattellidae Termites Rhinotermitidae Termites Kalotermitidae Earwigs Carcinophoridae Earwigs Forficulidae Earwigs Labiduridae Webspinners Oligotomidae Grasshoppers Acrididae Grasshoppers Romaleidae Grasshoppers Tetrigidae Pygmy Mole Crickets Tridactylidae 50 Crickets Gryllidae Crickets Oecanthidae Crickets Rhaphidophoridae Katydids Tettigoniidae INSECT REPORT MIGHTY MOUTHS Barklice Archipsocidae Barklice Psocidae Booklice Liposcelididae Lice Pediculidae Lice Menoponidae Thrips Thripidae Thrips Phlaeothripidae Cicadas Cicadidae Leafhoppers Cicadellidae Aphids Aphididae INSECT REPORT BUG VS INSECT Assassin Bugs Reduviidae Seed Bugs Lygaeidae Chinch Bugs Blissidae Bed Bugs Cimicidae Stink Bugs Pentatomidae Plant Bugs Miridae Water Striders Gerridae Water Boatmen Corixidae Backswimmers Notonectidae 32 33 35 36 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 51 52 53 54 56 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 74 76 77 78 79 INSECTS FIELD GUIDE

Ultimate Explorer Field Guide: Insects — page 4 — INSECT REPORT INVASIVE SPECIES Butterflies Nymphalidae Butterflies Papilionidae Moths Lasiocampidae Moths Saturniidae Moths Erebidae Moths Geometridae Moths Sphingidae Sawflies Diprionidae Wasps Vespidae Wasps Sphecidae Wasps Ichneumonidae Wasps Braconidae Wasps Mutillidae Bees Apidae Bees Halictidae Ants Formicidae 124 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 90 91 92 94 95 96 97 99 100 101 102 103 80 COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Lacewings Chrysopidae 82 Antlions Myrmeleontidae 83 Mantidflies Mantispidae 84 Dobsonflies Fishflies Corydalidae 85 Alderflies Sialidae 86 Snakeflies Raphidiidae 87 INSECT REPORT BEETLE MANIA 88 Beetles Carabidae Beetles Buprestidae Beetles Chrysomelidae Beetles Cerambycidae Beetles Coccinellidae Beetles Elateridae Beetles Scarabaeidae Beetles Staphylinidae Beetles Lampyridae Beetles Lucanidae Beetles Passalidae Beetles Curculionidae INSECT REPORT BITES STINGS 104 Hangingflies Bittacidae Scorpionflies Panorpidae 107 Snow Scorpionflies Boreidae Fleas Pulicidae Flies Muscidae Flies Tabanidae Flies Tephritidae Flies Tipulidae Flies Ptychopteridae Flies Syrphidae Flies Calliphoridae Flies Simuliidae Mosquitoes Culicidae Caddisflies Helicopsychidae INSECT REPORT THE ART OF DECEPTION 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 Butterflies Hesperiidae 122 Butterflies Lycaenidae 123 INSECT REPORT CONSERVING BENEFICIAL INSECTS Quick ID Guide Find Out More Glossary Index Credits 144 146 150 152 155 159 106 PYGMY MOLE CRICKET PAGE 50 SNAKEFLY PAGE 87

Ultimate Explorer Field Guide: Insects — page 5 — About Insects INSECTS ARE INVERTEBRATES animals without backbones that have been around for hundreds of millions of years They are the largest and most diverse group of animals found on Earth today WHAT'S THE STORY When people think of prehistoric animals they often picture big creatures like dinosaurs But insects lived back then too In fact the first insects appeared around 480 million years ago That's about 250 million years before the first dino saurs showed up Insects belong to a group of animals called arthropods Arthropods don't have internal skeletons and backbones like people do Instead they have an exoskeleton An exoskeleton is a hard covering on the outside of the animal's body Some exoskeletons are thick and hard others are thin and light Some let water and gases in others keep them out Adaptations in the exoskeleton are one reason that insects have become the most successful animal group on Earth Arthropods have two other notable features that make them easy to identify Their bodies are segmented or divided into parts And their arms and legs are jointed The word arthropod even means jointed leg WHAT IS AN INSECT Insects are just one type of arthropod Others include spiders crabs lobsters cen tipedes and scorpions These organisms share common traits with insects but they're not insects They're distant relatives What makes an insect different Insects have six legs Other arthropods have more An insect's body is divided into three main parts Other arthropods have one or two main body sections Insects usually have wings No other arthropods have wings The three parts of an insect's body are the head thorax and abdomen The head contains mouthparts two antennae and the insect's eyes Legs and wings attach to the thorax Insects move their legs and wings with muscles attached to the exoskeleton on the inside of their bodies The abdomen is at the end of the insect's body It contains the insect's reproductive digestive circulatory and respiratory systems INSECTS FIELD GUIDE

Ultimate Explorer Field Guide: Insects — page 6 — HOW INSECTS USE THEIR BODY PARTS Just like people insects have the senses of sight hearing taste touch and smell But their senses work very differently than ours do Sight Insects can have simple eyes compound eyes both or neither Simple eyes distinguish between dark and light Compound eyes can help insects see a wider range of colors or see in all directions Hearing Many insects can't hear Those that can hear use different body parts to do so Crickets hear with a structure called a tympanum on their front legs Some moths can hear too Taste Most insects taste with their mouthparts or their feet Bees have taste receptors on their antennae Touch Insects have small hairs on their bodies There's a nerve at the base of each hair They can feel objects and changes in air movement around them Smell Insects have receptors on their antennae that detect and gather molecules of odors in the air That's how they smell DARK BROWN LEGS Common Green Darner Wings THREE SMALL EYES BETWEEN COMPOUND EYES GREEN FACE COMPOUND EYES TWO SETS OF CLEAR WINGS WITH BLACK VEINS Cicada Eyes THE COMMON GREEN DARNER RIGHT HAS TWO SETS OF WINGS THE CICADA LEFT HAS TWO LARGE COMPOUND AND THREE SMALL EYES ABOUT INSECTS

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