Education While he worked in the cotton mill Livingstone attended school in the evenings At age 23 he began to study medicine and religion in Glasgow Scotland and decided to become a missionary Meet the Boss Before their historic meeting in Africa in 1871 the Scottish explorer David Livingstone and Welsh-born American Henry M Stanley led very different lives MISSION AFRICA Livingstone aims to spread the word David Livingstone was born in Scotland in 1813 He started working at a cotton mill when he was just 10 years old At age 23 he started training to be a doctor and later studied at the London Missionary Society After receiving his medical license and becoming an ordained missionary in 1840 Livingstone hoped to travel to China However Britain and China were at war The Society sent Livingstone to South Africa instead CAN I GET AN AUTOGRAPH Britain hails heroic explorer Livingstone arrived in South Africa in 1841 For 10 years he set up missions in southern Africa Apart from his missionary work Livingstone hoped to end the slave trade by finding other trade opportunities In 1853 he set off to cross Africa from east to west When he got back to England in 1856 he was famous Livingstone returned to Africa in 1858 to continue exploring 4 TRAVEL WITH THE GREAT EXPLORERS If you have men who will only come if they know there is a good road I don’t want them I want men who will come if there is no road at all Livingstone describes the adventurous spirit he wanted in the men who joined his expeditions
MISSING Livingstone feared dead Lost in Africa In 1866 Livingstone traveled east from Zanzibar to search for the source of the Nile River Rumors spread that Livingstone had died so the Royal Geographical Society sent a search party They did not find the missing doctor There was no word from him until a letter written in May at Ujiji arrived in Zanzibar in October 1869 Then he disappeared again It seemed that Livingstone had vanished BULA MATARI Rowlands reinvents himself War veteran loves adventure John Rowlands was born in Wales in 1841 He lived in a workhouse as a child At age 18 he left Britain for a new life in the United States He met a merchant at sea and borrowed his name becoming Henry Morton Stanley In the United States Stanley fought on both sides in the Civil War above was a sailor and worked as a journalist in the American West Later in Africa his strong character earned him the name Bula Matari which means Breaker of Rocks FIND LIVINGSTONE Newspaper reporter sent to Africa to prove Livingstone is alive Stanley became a reporter for the New York Herald newspaper He wrote about a British war in Abyssinia now Ethiopia and other conflicts The paper sent Stanley left to Africa to find David Livingstone The British explorer had been missing for years Finding him would be a great scoop for the Herald Stanley vowed to find Livingstone or bring back proof that he had died EXPLORE WITH STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE 5
Where Are We Heading Livingstone and Stanley’s travels revealed the heart of Africa to the rest of the world They crossed dangerous swamps and deserts explored vast lakes and sailed along powerful rivers WHAT’S OUT THERE Journeys in an unknown land Filling in the blanks In the mid-1800s Europeans knew so little about the interior of Africa that they called it the Dark Continent They left it blank on maps because they did not know what was there right Livingstone and Stanley changed all that They described a diverse land from the rain forests of the Congo to the mighty Zambezi River and the sandy shores of Lake Tanganyika 6 TRAVEL WITH THE GREAT EXPLORERS MAJESTIC FALLS First European to see spectacular waterfall In 1858 Livingstone began his journey west across Africa by traveling along the Upper Zambezi River On his return east along the Lower Zambezi he arrived at a spectacular waterfall left The local people called it Mosi-oa-Tunya which means the smoke that thunders Livingstone renamed it Victoria Falls in honor of the British queen
AFRICA’S GREAT LAKE Exploring Lake Tanganyika Livingstone spent his last years exploring Africa’s largest lake Tanganyika right He thought it might be the source of the Nile River but then discovered that he was wrong Livingstone was resting at Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tanganyika when Stanley found him SLAVE TOWN Refuge with the Arabs Tabora is now a town in Tanzania In the 1800s it was the hub of the slave trade run by Arabs It was also a center of African resistance to the trade Stanley and Livingstone both stayed at Tabora in 1871 At separate times they stayed just outside the town in a tembe or fortified house below The two men returned to Tabora together in 1872 IT’S A MYSTERY Seeking the river’s source Explorers claims differ The British hoped that the Nile River might provide a trade route north through Africa so they were eager to find its source In 1858 the explorer John Hanning Speke declared that the Nile began at a lake he named Victoria Another explorer Richard Burton said the source was Lake Tanganyika Livingstone set out to solve the mystery in 1866 but could not Years later Stanley confirmed Speke’s findings It is now known that the White Nile flows from Lake Victoria at Ripon Falls Did you know Stanley’s search for Livingstone included a five-day trek through knee-deep black water in the 45-mile 72 km long Makata Swamp A porter the group’s donkeys and a dog all died of dysentery EXPLORE WITH STANLEY AND LIVINGSTONE 7
