Native American Encyclopedia The-Other-Magpie To Zuni
6 Tionontati Tionontati also known as Petun was an Iroquoian speaking tribe from the Canadian province of Ontario They were closely related to the Hurons In the 1600s this tribe included two clans and nine villages They grew large fields of tobacco In 1616 the French visited them and called them the Petun which means Tobacco People In the 1630s European disease killed most of the tribe Survivors joined the Huron and moved to upper Michigan to escape their Iroquoian enemies The Huron and Tionontati blended tribes and became known as the Wyandot Tippecanoe Battle of was fought in 1811 in Indiana between U S forces and Tecumseh’s confederation Both sides fought for land rights William Henry Harrison the governor of Indiana Territory led the U S forces in an attempt to clear the area for American settlers Tecumseh’s confederation fought to keep their homeland Even though Harrison’s troops far outnumbered Tecumseh’s confederation both sides lost about 200 men in battle After running out of ammunition Tecumseh’s warriors retreated and Harrison claimed victory for American expansion See also Tecumseh Tiswin is a traditional alcoholic beverage The Western Apache and other tribes made tiswin by brewing either cactus pulp or dried white corn along with water yeast and spices The Apache leader Geronimo was so fond of tiswin that he and his followers left their reservation in eastern Arizona because brewing tiswin was illegal there They attempted to return to their homeland where they could once more drink tiswin However U S soldiers arrested them and returned them to the reservation In the Battle of Tippecanoe Tecumseh gathered a confederation of warriors from nearby tribes to defend their homeland from U S forces
Tiwa refers to a group of Native Americans from New Mexico They share the Pueblo culture with other Pueblo peoples They speak a language also called Tiwa which is a dialect of the Tanoan language Today about 4,000 people from the Tiwa Pueblos speak Tiwa Like other Pueblo peoples the Tiwa grew crops of maize beans and squash The men hunted deer bison elk rabbit birds and other animals The women gathered berries nuts and roots used for herbal teas They wove cotton into clothing The Tiwa men wore cotton kilts and leather sandals The Tiwa women wore cotton dresses sandals and moccasin boots They carved wooden utensils and ate from pottery dishes They also stored their food in pottery containers In the late 1500s Spanish colonists settled into the Pueblo region They built missions and tried to force the Tiwa and other Pueblo tribes to convert to Catholicism They taught the Pueblo peoples to raise cows pigs and chickens and to grow chili peppers wheat tomatoes apples pears peaches and other fruits The Tiwa and other Pueblo groups fought off the Spanish in 1680 However by 1694 the Spanish regained control In 1848 the United States took control of the region following its victory in its war against Mexico After this time the Pueblo tribes including the Tiwa became American citizens See also Pueblo Indians Tiwa Pueblos 7 Tiwa Pueblos are traditional pueblo villages in New Mexico Before Spanish colonization the Tiwa had many pueblos Today the Tiwa-speaking pueblos are Isleta Picurís Sandia and Taos Pueblo peoples built these adobe villages about 350 years ago They built the homes in clusters around central plazas where ceremonies would take place See also adobe Outdoor ladders are used to move from floor to floor of a pueblo rather than stairs The flat roof of a pueblo is used as an outdoor room for working or relaxing in the fresh air
8 Tlingit made of cedar bark For special occasions such as a potlatch they wore a Chilkat robe made of goat wool and cedar bark strips A robe weaver could take as long as five years to make this robe See also potlatch Tobacco is a plant first grown in North and South America about 8,000 years ago Native Americans began smoking tobacco about three thousand years ago They believed tobacco was a gift from the creator and smoked it for religious and ceremonial reasons In the 1500s Spanish colonists grew tobacco and forced Native Americans to tend their fields European disease and starvation killed many of the Native Americans Therefore the colonists brought slaves from Africa to work the fields See also peace pipes Toboggan is a type of long narrow wooden sled with a curved front It is pulled by hand or dogs A toboggan moves through deep soft snow better than a snow sled which moves best over hard flat ice Native Americans from the Subarctic region invented the toboggan to travel and carry hunted game through deep snow The Inuit made toboggans from whalebone The word toboggan comes from the language of the Micmac Native Americans in the eastern Maritime Provinces of Canada This photo taken in 1906 shows a Tlingit woman dressed for dancing at a potlatch ceremony Tlingit are the original residents of the Pacific Northwest Historians believe they may have come from Asia or the Polynesian islands They are the only speakers of the Tlingit language Traditionally they lived on fish seal seaweed clams fish eggs venison and berries Men and women wore loincloths words to know casinos kah-SEE-noez places for gambling and other entertainment Sonoran Desert so-NOR-en DEH-sert one of the largest and hottest deserts in North America located around the northern end of the Gulf of California venison VEN-eh-sen deer meat
Tolowa 9 The Sonora Desert home to the Tohono O’odham is one of the largest and hottest deserts in North America Tohono O'odham also known as Papago meaning tepary bean eater are the original residents of the Sonoran Desert of the southwest United States and northwest Mexico Their name means People of the Desert Their language O’odham is a Uto-Aztecan language Thousands of Tohono O’odham still speak it today along with English and Spanish Traditionally the Tohono O’odham were seasonal farmers who grew corn tapery beans squash lentils and melons To bring rain for their crops they shuffled their feet in the dry sand believing that the rising dust would help make rain clouds They also ate native plants fruits and sap from the mesquite tree which they called mesquite candy They wove baskets for holding food medicine and other objects Today the Tohono O’odham Nation includes about 25,000 people and owns three casinos which is the main source of their income This Tohono O’odham woman uses a wooden stick to collect cactus fruit to be carefully peeled and then eaten Tolowa also known as Smith River Indians is a Native American tribe from the Smith River basin in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon The Tolowa fished from rivers and the Pacific Ocean and gathered acorns They organized their villages around a headman and his male relatives The men of one village would marry women of neighboring villages The Tolowa language is part of the Pacific Coast subgroup of the Athapascan language family Today only a few people speak Tolowa However the Siletz Valley Charter School in Siletz Oregon began teaching the Tolowa language in 2006 to middle school students
