Native American Encyclopedia Massasoit To Pamunkey
Rourke’s Native American History Culture ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume 6 Massasoit to Pamunkey By Julie K Lundgren Project Consultants Mark J Johnston Scott Lyons Ph Rourke Publishing LLC Vero Beach Florida 32964 D
On The Cover Project Consultants Mark J Johnston received his B A and M A in history from the University of Minnesota His fields of interest include European expansion and the interaction of Europeans and native cultures Scott Lyons Ph D an Ojibwe from Leech Lake teaches at Syracuse University He is also a columnist for Indian Country Today a Native American on-line and print publication 2009 Rourke Publishing LLC Detail from a painting by Karl Bodmer 1809-1893 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher Tepee in Alberta Canada Zuni girl photographed by Edward S Curtis 1903 www rourkepublishing com Photo credits Cover Photos Library of Congress V J Matthew John S Sfondilias hieroglyph illustrations on cover and headers Revva Tatsiana Pg 4 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 5 urosr 5b franck camhi Page 7 Kevin Meyers 7b courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 9 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 10 courtesy of the Library of Congress 10b Yellowj Page 11 courtesy of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture Page 12 courtesy of the Library of Congress 12b Alex Neauville Page 13 Raul654 13b Alex Covarrubias Page 14 Eric Guinther 14b courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 16 Mindaugas Dulinskas Page 18 Thomas Barrat Page 19 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 22 James M Phelps Jr Page 23 Michael J Thompson Page 24 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 25 AndonicO Page 26 Bill Perry Page 27 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 28 Holly Kuchera Page 28b Nikater and ish ishwar Page 29 Bryan Eastham Page 30 Biggins Page 31 Steven Allan Page 33 Xiaphias Page 34 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 36 Walden69 Page 38 Jason Cheever Page 40 Jim Parkin Page 42 Elena Fernandez Zabelguelskaya Page 43 Edward S Curtis collection courtesy of the Library of Congress 43b kml Page 45 Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries The University of Texas at Austin 45b Jill Lang Pages 46 thru 48 courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 49 Nikater 49b courtesy of the Library of Congress Page 54 Nikater Pages 56 thru 62 art by Charles Reasoner Also the author thanks historian Mark J Johnston Editor Meg Greve Cover and page design by Nicola Stratford Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sepehri Sandy Rourke's Native American history culture encyclopedia Sandy Sepehri p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-60472-421-9 alk paper 1 Indians of North America Encyclopedias Juvenile I Title II Title Rourke's Native American history and culture encyclopedia III Title Native American history culture encyclopedia E76 2 S46 2009 970 004'97 dc22 2008034816 Volume 6 of 10 ISBN 978-1-60472-712-8 Printed in the USA Anasazi cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park Colorado CG CG www rourkepublishing com rourke rourkepublishing com Post Office Box 3328 Vero Beach FL 32964
Introduction In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed from Europe to North America and changed the world forever Soon people from crowded European cities learned of the New World a big beautiful place where they could hunt farm and worship in freedom For the millions of people already living there however this world was not new it was home Their ancestors had been living on the American continents for thousands of years They had their own rich civilizations languages and cultures Columbus called them Indians thinking he had reached India Today in the United States they are called Native Americans and in Canada they are called First Peoples They are further categorized by their tribal names such as Cherokee Mohawk or Hopi Translated into English many tribal names simply mean The People As this name implies they were the people of the land the only people Then Europeans came to North America Colonists settled the eastern coast of North America and later established the United States Then pioneers arrived and moved to new areas west of the colonies The incoming Europeans brought a hunger for more land They also brought diseases for which the Native Americans had no immunity During a period of four hundred years after the arrival of Columbus both the Native Americans and the settlers faced immense challenges During this time millions of Native Americans died from disease and war Since the 1900s however their populations have grown and much of their culture has survived This encyclopedia series presents significant people and events in the history of Native Americans from the arrival of the Europeans to present-day events 1 2 3 4 1 People are listed with their last name first 2 The entries reference over 200 Native American tribes They are listed by their most familiar name A pronunciation chart is provided for many of the tribe names on page 64 3 Cross-references direct you to additional information related to a topic 4 Words to Know glossary is embedded in the text to help you pronounce and understand unfamiliar words
