Native American Encyclopedia Cumulative Index & Projects
On The Cover 2009 Rourke Publishing LLC All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher www rourkepublishing com Photo credits Cover Photos Library of Congress V J Matthew John S Sfondilias heiroglyph illustrations on cover and headers Rewa Tatsiana page 4 Himasaram Walden69 page 6 bison Tony Campbell cougar Bill perry coyote Holly Kuchera deer Jacob moose Andreas Gradin porcupine Vladimir Vitek rabbit Matt Niebuhr Wolf Ron Hilton page 7 Falk Kienas pages 10 thru 15 illustrations by Kimberley L Dawson Kurnizki page 16 map courtesy of NASA Olmec head Elena Fernandez Zabelguelskaya cliff dwelling Alex Neauville pages 17 18 courtesy of The Library of Congress page 19 all images courtesy of The Library of Congress except map courtesy of The Census Bureau page 20 map courtesy of NOAA Sequoyah and President Jackson page 21 courtesy of The Library of Congress page 21 wagon Jill Lang map of Texas Jiri Moucka pages 22 23 all images courtesy of The Library of Congress except The Whitehouse Charlie Hutton Detail from a painting by Karl Bodmer 1809 1893 Editor Meg Greve Cover and page design by Nicola Stratford Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Tepee in Alberta Canada Sepehri Sandy Rourke's Native American history culture encyclopedia Sandy Sepehri p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978 1 60472 421 9 alk paper 1 Indians of North America Encyclopedias Juvenile 1 Title Il Title Rourke's Native American history and culture encyclopedia III Title Native American history culture encyclopedia E76 2 546 2009 970 00497 dc22 2008034816 Volume 10 of 10 ISBN 978 1 60472 716 6 Printed in the USA COCG Zuni girl photographed by Edward S Curtis 1903 Rourke Publishing www rourkepublishing com rourke rourepublishing com Post Office Box 3328 Vero Beach FL 32964 Anasazi cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde National Park Colorado
Table of Contents Projects As you read and learn about Native Americans you might want to try out some of the things you're learning about or you might need a project to go along with a report you are writing These projects will help you learn more about Native American food homes flags and many other things Have fun Design Your Own Flag Make Your Own Coded Messages Find Your Animal Totem Learn How To Make Bannock Design A Mock Wampum Belt Make A Sacred Bowl Game Make A Model Igloo Make A Model Longhouse Make A Model Plank House Make A Model Pueblo Make A Model Tepee page 4 page 5 page 6 page 7 page 8 page 9 page 10 page 12 page 13 page 14 page 15 Timeline page 16 page 16 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes and Tribal Groups page 24 Cumulative Glossary page 35 Cumulative Index page 48
4 project Design Your Own Flag Like other nations around the world Native American tribes have their own flags These flags represent tribal sovereignty meaning the right of a tribe to rule its own government Tribal sovereignty is recognized by the U S Constitution and the Supreme Court Tribal flags also represent special meanings related to each tribe The colors and symbols of a flag tell a story about that tribe's unique history and culture 0 0400 Volume 1 page 4 Volume 5 page 7 Volume 8 page 20 Volume 9 page 52 What You Will Need Paper crayons or colored pencils Stickers scissors colored paper and glue are optional DIRECTIONS If you wish to divide your flag into two equal parts fold your paper in half For four equal parts fold it half again Now you can decorate each section differently For a shield place a cup or bowl upside down in the center of the paper and trace around it Rather than decorate equal sections you can decorate your flag any way you choose Draw wavy lines circles squares and even pictures of yourself and people important to you You can make colored stripes by cutting out pieces of construction paper or wrapping paper Choose symbols and colors that mean something special to you your history and your plans for the future
project 5 Make Your Own Coded Messages During wartime enemies eavesdrop on language Try as they might German each other's radio and telephone soldiers could not decipher these messages messages to learn their enemy's plans Equally successful were the Navajo code During World War I the United States used talkers who relayed messages during World Choctaw soldiers called code talkers to War II deliver messages in their Choctaw Volume 2 page 48 How to Make Navajo Code Navajo code talkers used their language to make a code First the code talker would say a string of Navajo words Next the Navajo listener translated each word into English Then he took the first letter of the English words and strung them together to make other English words For example to say the word Navy the code talker would say tsah Needle wol la chee Ant ah keh di glini Victor tsah as zih Yucca DIRECTIONS Use the following list of words to write your name in Navajo code 1 Find the English word that begins with the first letter of your name 2 Write the Navajo version of that word Do this for each letter of your name For example the name Sam in Navajo code would be dibeh SHEEP be la sana APPLE and na as tso si MOUSE Navajo English APPLE BEAR CAT DOG EAR FOX GIRL HORSE ICE JAW KID LION MOUSE Navajo BE LA SANA SHUSH MOASI LHA CHA EH АН ЈАН MA E AH TAD LIN TKIN AH YA TSINNE KLIZZIE YAZZIE NASH DOIE TSO NA AS TSO SI English NOSE OWL PIG QUIVER RABBIT SHEEP TURKEY UNCLE VICTOR WEASEL X MARK YUCCA A CHIN NE AHS JAH BI SO DIH CA YEILTH GAH DIBEH THAN ZIE SHI DA A KEH DI GLINI GLOE IH AL NA AS DZOH TSAH AS ZIH BESH DO TLIZ ZINC Now that you know how to write in Navajo code you can send a coded message to a friend to see if he or she can solve it
