State Guides to Historic Monuments

State Guides to Historic Monuments — page 3 — Arizona Canyon de Chelly National Monument Located in northeastern Arizona and within the Navajo Nation this impressive canyon comprises 84,000 acres 33,993 6 hectares Its colorful sheer cliffs rivers and cliff dwellings are stunning and culturally signiﬁ cant People have lived continuously on the Colorado Plateau for nearly 5,000 years Navajo families still live and farm the lands The National Park Service and Navajo Nation work together to manage Canyon de Chelly Location Chinle AZ Established 1931 6

State Guides to Historic Monuments — page 4 — Arkansas Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site After the Supreme Court deemed segregation illegal Little Rock Central High School was the place it became real With National Guard protection nine African-American students enrolled in the formerly all-white school in the fall of 1957 beginning a wave of desegregation These teenagers ages 15 to 17 faced cruelty and angry mobs Today they are referred to as the Little Rock Nine and are considered civil rights activists for their bravery in the face of great obstacles Location Little Rock AR Established 1998 7

State Guides to Historic Monuments — page 5 — California Manzanar National Historic Site During World War II the United States government ordered Japanese-American citizens and resident Japanese immigrants to relocation camps Most of those at Manzanar were American citizens They lived in prison-like conditions It was dusty and sweltering in the summer and below freezing in the winter sports music and community programs such as working on the newspaper and in the gardens More than ten thousand people were forced to live at Manzanar from 1942 1945 Internees established schools churches and clubs They offered Location Independence CA Established 1992 8

State Guides to Historic Monuments — page 6 — Colorado Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site In November of 1864 the U S Cavalry attacked a peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho settlement At ﬁ rst the soldiers called the conﬂ ict a battle But eyewitnesses soon painted a brutal picture of massacre with most of the victims being women children and elderly men Captain Silas Soule and Lieutenant Joseph A Cramer refused to order their men to participate and later gave evidence about the horrors to the authorities Soule was shot on the street a few weeks after revealing the truth of the massacre His murderer was not charged Location Chivington CO Established 2007 9

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