Published in 2018 by Britannica Educational Publishing a trademark of Encyclopædia Britan nica Inc in association with The Rosen Publishing Group Inc 29 East 21st Street New York NY 10010 Copyright 2018 The Rosen Publishing Group Inc and Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Ency clopædia Britannica Britannica and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica Inc All rights reserved Distributed exclusively by Rosen Publishing To see additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles go to rosenpublishing com First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing J E Luebering Executive Director Core Editorial Andrea R Field Managing Editor Compton’s by Britannica Rosen Publishing Heather Moore Niver Editor Nelson Sá Art Director Michael Moy Designer Cindy Reiman Photography Manager Heather Moore Niver Photo Researcher Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names Wolny Philip author Title Joan of Arc French soldier and saint Philip Wolny Description New York Britannica Educational Publishing in association with Rosen Edu cational Services 2018 Series Women who changed history Includes bibliographical references and index Audience Grades 5-8 Identifiers LCCN 2016057946 ISBN 9781680486483 eBook Subjects LCSH Joan of Arc Saint 1412-1431 Juvenile literature Christian women saints France Biography Juvenile literature France History Charles VII 1422-1461 Juvenile literature Classification LCC DC103 5 W65 2018 DDC 944 026092 B dc23 LC record available at https lccn loc gov 2016057946 Manufactured in the United States of America Photo credits Cover Jean-Jacques Scherrer Art Images Getty Images pp 7 31 41 Photos com Jupiterimages p 9 Patrick Hertzog AFP Getty Images pp 10 17 Photo 12 Universal Images Group Getty Images p 13 Keystone-France Gamma-Keystone Getty Images p 14 Hulton Archive Getty Images p 19 Three Lions Hulton Archive Getty Images p 21 Henry Guttmann Hulton Archive Getty Images p 22 Culture Club Hulton Archive Getty Images pp 25 43 De Agostini Picture Library De Agostini Getty Images p 27 DEA M Seemuller DeAgostini Getty Images p 28 Print Collector Hulton Fine Art Collection Getty Images p 30 Universal Images Group Getty Images p 33 Harlingue Roger Viollet Getty Images p 34 Bibliotheque Nationale Paris France Bridgeman Images p 36 Leemage Corbis Historical Getty Images p 39 Everett Historical Shutterstock com p 44 railelectropower iStock Thinkstock
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE THE VISIONS OF A YOUNG WOMAN CHAPTER TWO MEETING DESTINY CHAPTER THREE GOING TO WAR CHAPTER FOUR HEROINE OF FRANCE CHAPTER FIVE PRISONER MARTYR AND SAINT GLOSSARY FOR FURTHER READING INDEX 6 9 16 24 31 38 45 46 47 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION M ore than six hundred years ago in the early fif teenth century the nation of France was at war with England They had been in conflict off and on for decades since 1337 over who would control much of the territory of France itself This set of conflicts was known as the Hundred Years War and it occurred toward the end of what we now call the Middle Ages the period of European history that included the era of knights and chivalry By the early 1400s France’s luck against the English seemed to have faded While France was for the most part richer larger and more populous the English often had the upper hand Their better weapons including their longbows allowed them to frequently beat back much larger French forces including the knights mounted on horseback called cavalry The newest stage in the war called the Lancastrian War began in 1415 with the English invasion of the north west coastal area of France known as Normandy England soon gained control of about one-third of French territory all of France north of the Loire River including Paris It was a time in which the French struggled for hope Even as the English seemed unstoppable hope was bound to return even if the French did not know it yet Around 1412 a baby named Joan had been born in a small village called Domrémy in the eastern countryside Her par ents Jacques d’Arc and Isabelle Romée were landowners and farmers and respected members of their village 6
INTRODUCTION 7 This 1854 painting by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres entitled Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII in Reims Cathedral depicts the heroine at the moment of one of her greatest triumphs
