Great CIVILIZATIONS Since the first cities were founded more than 10 000 years ago rulers began extending the areas they controlled to create kingdoms and empires They also built huge monuments to show their power GREAT EMPIRES CAPITAL VE CAPITAL B C E HoLY ROMAN Vienna EMPIRE Bei IMPERIAL ing CHINA Memphis ANCIENT EGYPT Pataliputra Petra MAURYA NABATAEAN APITAL MEMS 300 B C E 106 C E CAPITAL PETRA 322 B C E 185 B C
LARGEST EMPIRES The largest empires covered millions of square miles Although the British Empire was the biggest it was scattered over several continents making the Mongol Empire the largest continuous empire the world has ever seen Spanish Empire 1492 1898 7 5 million sq miles 19 4 million sq km Umayyad Caliphate 661 751 C E 5 8 million sq miles 15 million sq km Empire British Mongol Russian Empire 1206 1368 Empire T 13 million sq miles 1721 1917 33 7 million sq km W 12 7 million sq miles 32 9 million sq km 1597 1997 8 8 million sq miles 22 8 million sq km IMPERIAL MONUMENTS 2000 B C E I697 C E CAPITAL CHICHEN ITZA More than 130 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt The largest is the Great Pyramid of Giza completed in 2580 B C E It weighs as much as 16 Empire State Buildings Chichen Itza MAYA 1100 C E 53 Other great monuments inochtitlán AZTE Cuzco Teotihuacán 100 c E Mexico INCA N ziggurat of Ur 2000 B C E raq 13oo C E IS21 C E CAPITAL TENOCHTITLAN Pyramids of Meroe 700 B C E Sudan Chichen Itza 1000 C E Tikal
ARCHITECTURE Civilizations around the world have built incredible buildings to act as places of worship to provide protection and to display power Today architects train for years to design towering skyscrapers and enormous shopping centers HISTORIC BUILDINGS AROUND THE WORLD This map shows the locations of some of the most famous buildings and monuments around the
E HHLIN HEETH DDDDDDDDDDDDDD Parthenon St Basil's Cathedral Sydney Opera House Prambanan Taj Mahal ATHENS GREECE MOSCOW RUSSIA SYDNEY AUSTRALIA CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA AGRA INDIA Completed in 432 B C Located on Moscow's Red Sydney's performing arts center Prambanan was completed in Shah Jahan ruled over much of Parthenon is a temple to Athena Square close to the Kremlin sits by the harbor and was 850 ce and is the largest Hindu India in the mid 1600s The Taj the goddess after whom Athens is the brightly colored cathedral was opened in 1973 It immediately temple complex in Indonesia It has Mahal completed in 1654 is a named It looks down on the city completed in 1561 and became the most famous building intricately carved stonework and tomb built for his third and from the Acropolis hi is now a museum in Australia spires rising to 154 feet 47 m favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal Forbidden City Colosseum Mount Rushmore Machu Picchu Pyramids BEIJING CHINA ROME ITALY SOUTH DAKOTA UNITED STATES CUSCO REGION PERU GIZA EGYPT Completed in 1420 by the Yonge Built in 80 c E the Colosseum This huge sculpture completed in Completed around 1450 the city Built in about 2500 B C E Emperor the Forbidden City is the was the largest amphitheater in 1939 is carved into the side of a was abandoned soon after the the three Pyramids at Giza are world's largest palace complex the Roman empire It could hold mountain It features the Ival of the Spanish in South part of a large burial complex with 9 000 rooms and covering more than 50 000 spectators heads of four presidents of the America It remained hidden to A colossal sculpture called the an area of 7 8 mi ion sq feet and had huge sails to protect United States which measure the outside world until 1911 Great Sphinx sits in front of them 720 000 sq m or about them from the sun's glare 59 feet 18 m tall 28 football fields Opened in 2013 the NEW CENTURY GLOBAL CENTER CHENGDU LARGEST BUILDINGS BY FLOOR AREA building measures 1 640 by 1 312 feet 500 m by a New Century Global Center Chengdu China 18 9 million sq feet 1 8 million sq m 400 m and is about ODubai International Airport Terminal 3 Dubal UAE 18 4 millon sq feet 1 7 million sq m 328 feet 100 m tall Abral AI Bait Endowment Mecca Saudi Arabia 16 9 million sq feet 1 6 million sq m It's big enough to fit ROCentralWorld Bangkok Thalland 11 million sq feet 1 million sq m the Sydney Opera OAalsmeer Flower Auction Aalsmeer Netherlands 10 6 million sq feet 990 000 sq m House inside 20
