CONTENTS WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY CAMERAS AND EQUIPMENT PHOTO TECH CET IT IN FOCUS O UNDERSTANDING LIGHT 2 COMPOSITION H PUTTING IT INPERSPECTIVE 16 PHOTO EDING PROJECT R PORTRAIT PHOTOGRAPHY 20 PROJECT 2 LANDSCAPEPHOTOGRAPHY PROJECT STILL LIFE PHOTOGRAPHY 24 PROJECTH ANIMALPHOTOGRAPHY 26 PROJECT 5 SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY LEARNING MORE o CLOSSARY INDEX
WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPHY Photography is the art and science of creating permanent images using light The word photography comes from Greek words that mean drawing with light Photographs are made with devices called cameras Modern cameras use a lens to focus the light reflected off an object onto a light sensitive surface or a digital sensor The image is recorded on light sensitive material such as film or in an electronic sensor HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY As far back as ancient times people created images with something called a camera obscura Camera Comes from the Latin word for room and obscura means dark Light passes through a hole in a dark box and inside the box it creates an upside down image of the scene outside the box In the early 1800s the first photographs were made with a camera obscura and paper covered in silver compounds which reacted to light But after the paper was exposed to open light the images would fade away Subject The image in a camera obscura Camera obscura comes out upside down because en light travels in a straight line So light rays above the pinhole pass through it and hit the bottom of o the back of the box while rays from below the pinhole end up posite corn more at the top Ught rays Hole in the bo
MoDERN TIMES The first photos needed more than eight hours of exposure to light In 1838 Louis Daguerre took the first photo of a person by accident It took 10 minutes of exposure to photograph a Paris street scene One man stood still while having his boots polished Today exposure takes less than a second In the 1830s inventors such as Henry Talbot and Louis Daguerre found ways of using different chemicals to make these images permanent Daguerre made photographs on silver treated copper plates called daguerreotypes Talbot created the first photo negatives The first cameras were very large They had to be mounted on tripods and covered by black cloths to keep out the light In the late 1800s the Kodak Company started making small portable cameras that used plastic film Color photography became popular in the 1960s Over the years cameras became less expensive and accessible to amateur photographers By the late 1980s even disposable cameras became widely available Earliest known photo showing a living person HISTORY OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY Instead of using film digital cameras have image sensors that record the light and digitize it Digitized photos are then stored on a memory card In 1975 an engineer at Kodak built the first digital camera That camera weighed eight pounds and took 23 seconds to take a photograph The first camera that stored images on a computer was sold in stores in 1990 Most present day digital cameras can also record videos and capture the sound as well
