Photo Credits t Top bl Bottom Left br Bottom Right Dreamstime Joserpizarro p 13b Getty Images DEA G DAGLI ORTI De Agostini p 15b The Paul J Getty Museum Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program p 28b Shutterstock AOF_SNIPER p 28 29bg Tony Baggett p 24 25 Rudy Balasko p 4 5 Roxana Bashyrova p 14 15 BlackMac p 10 11 Mark Godden p 22 23 Iakov Kalinin p 6 7 K3S p 26 27 Luciano Mortula p 18 19 Nejron Photo p 16 17 Lefteris Papaulakis p 23t Jaime Pharr p 20 21 Jannis Tobias Werner pp 1bg 12 13 Vladimir Wrangel p 27t The Walters Art Museum Museum purchase 1990 p 25b Museum purchase with funds provided by the S A P Fund 1969 pp 1fg 11r Wikimedia Commons CristianChirita p 21t Jean-Pol Grandmont p 19r Carole Raddato from Frankfurt Germany pp 3 8 9 17t Map p 5 by Geoff Ward Artwork p 29 by Venetia Dean Cover Shutterstock Studio Barcelona bg Wikimedia Commons Carole Raddato from Frankfurt Germany br Author John Malam Editors Sarah Eason Kelly Spence Ellen Rodger and Kathy Middleton Editorial director Kathy Middleton Design Paul Myerscough Cover design Paul Myerscough Photo research Rachel Blount Proofreader Wendy Scavuzzo Production coordinator and Prepress technician Tammy McGarr Print coordinator Margaret Amy Salter Consultant John Malam archaeologist Written and produced for Crabtree Publishing Company by Calcium Creative Front Cover BKGD The Colosseum in Rome an oval amphitheater in which 50,000 to 80,000 spectators could watch gladiator combat Inset Helmet with visor for combat in the gladiator arena Title page BKGD The Appian Way a very long ancient Roman road built to transport troops from Rome to the port of Brindisi in the south of Italy Inset An honorary statue of an emperor for a public space The head was replaced during an 18th-century restoration to feature Emperor Domitian who reigned from 81 to 96 CE Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Malam John author Ancient Rome inside out John Malam Names Malam John 1957 author Title Ancient Rome inside out John Malam Description New York Crabtree Publishing Company 2017 Series Ancient worlds inside out Includes index Identifiers LCCN 2017000080 print LCCN 2017000888 ebook ISBN 9780778728825 library binding alk paper ISBN 9780778728962 pbk alk paper ISBN 9781427118509 Electronic HTML Subjects LCSH Rome Civilization Juvenile literature Rome History Juvenile literature Classification LCC DG77 M319 2017 print LCC DG77 ebook DDC 937 dc23 LC record available at https lccn loc gov 2017000080 Ancient worlds inside out Includes index Issued in print and electronic formats ISBN 978-0-7787-2882-5 hardcover ISBN 978-0-7787-2896-2 softcover ISBN 978-1-4271-1850-9 HTML 1 Rome Social life and customs Juvenile literature 2 Rome Civilization Juvenile literature 3 Rome Antiquities Juvenile literature 4 Material culture Rome Juvenile literature 5 Rome History Juvenile literature I Title DG77 M29 2017 j937 C2016-907265-7 C2016-907266-5 Crabtree Publishing Company www crabtreebooks com Copyright 2017 CRABTREE PUBLISHING COMPANY All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or be transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Crabtree Publishing Company 1-800-387-7650 Published in Canada Crabtree Publishing 616 Welland Ave St Catharines Ontario L2M 5V6 Published in the United States Crabtree Publishing PMB 59051 350 Fifth Avenue 59th Floor New York New York 10118 Published in the United Kingdom Crabtree Publishing Maritime House Basin Road North Hove BN41 1WR Published in Australia Crabtree Publishing 3 Charles Street Coburg North VIC 3058
contents Who Were the Ancient Romans Digging Up the Past Rome Capital of the World A Roman Family Roman Technology Farming and Food Roman Entertainment Temples and Gods The Roman Army Emperor and State Crafts and Trade Legacy of Ancient Rome Make a Roman Lamp Glossary Learning More Index About the Author 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 32 32
Who Were the ancient Romans Italy is a country in southern Europe It was home to the Romans one of the greatest ancient civilizations Roman civilization spread over 500 years to include an empire that stretched east to western Asia and west to Britain Rise of the Romans Many different groups of people lived in Italy before the Romans One group the Latins lived in villages in central Italy on seven low hills close to the Tiber River These farming villages developed into the city of Rome whose citizens were known as Romans At first a rival group from the north called the Etruscans ruled over the city In 509 B C E the Roman people overthrew the Etruscan kings and took control Rome then became a republic It was ruled by the Senate which was a political body or council made up of leading Roman citizens As the Romans grew in power they took over all of Italy They then spread out from Italy and took control of nearby lands Emperors and the Roman Empire In 27 B C E during a time of confusion and crisis Roman noble and general Octavian seized power The Senate gave him the name Augustus which means deeply respected one The Roman people called him imperator from which we get the word emperor Augustus was the first Roman emperor He expanded the Roman Empire Many emperors about 80 in 500 years followed after Augustus’s death and the empire reached the height of its power in 117 C E The Romans controlled much of western and central Europe the Middle East and North Africa About 50 million people came under Roman control Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire The borders of the vast empire were not secure and enemy tribes invaded In 284 C E the Romans divided the empire into Western and Eastern parts hoping smaller parts would be easier to control But in 410 C E Rome was taken over by an invading tribe and in 476 C E the last emperor of the Western Empire abdicated 4
The Forum was a large public square at the center of Rome Arches and columns from its buildings still stand today What Is an Ancient Civilization Large settlements of people formed the basis of the first civilizations Through farming these settlements grew into larger cities Writing government and class systems soon developed These early settlements led to the development of cities states and countries Key The Roman Empire in 117 C E Present-day borders BRITAIN Europe Atlantic Ocean GAUL SPAIN Rome MACEDONIA Byzantium Carthage Athens ASIA MINOR Mediterranean Sea Damascus Asia Alexandria Africa This map shows the Roman Empire EGYPT ARABIA 5
