Author John Malam Editors Sarah Eason Kelly Spence Janine Deschenes and Kathy Middleton Editorial director Kathy Middleton Design Paul Myerscough Cover design Paul Myerscough Photo research Rachel Blount Proofreader Wendy Scavuzzo Production coordinator and Prepress technician Tammy McGarr Print coordinator Margaret Amy Salter Consultant John Malam archaeologist Written and produced for Crabtree Publishing Company by Calcium Creative Front Cover BKGD The Parthenon an ancient Greek temple built in Athens in tribute to the goddess Athena Inset A kylix which is a vessel used for drinking wine from 480 BCE Title Page BKGD The Agora of Smyrna was the main meeting place for the citizens of the ancient Greek city of Smyrna Inset A re-creation of the Trojan Horse In Greek mythology Greek soldiers hid inside a wooden horse and attacked the city of Troy after the Trojans brought it inside their city gates Photo Credits t Top bl Bottom Left br Bottom Right Alamy Erin Babnik p 17br Lanmas p 21br Dreamstime Raphael Heller p 12 13 Getty Images DEA G DAGLI ORTI Contributor p 15t The Getty Museum Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program p 25t LACMA www lacma org Gift of Varya and Hans Cohn p 11br Shutterstock Anastasios71 p 3 p 20 21 p 28 29 Anton_Ivanov p 8 9 imagIN gr photography p 26 27 Patryk Kosmider p 4 5 Mark and Anna Wilson p 18 19 Paul B Moore p 27t Nadezhda1906 p 16 17 Sergiy Palamarchuk p 10 11 Pecold p 6 7 Tatiana Popova p 1br p 23br Tolgaildun p 1bg p 24 25 WitR p 14 15 Cristian Zamfir p 22 23 Wikimedia Commons Collection of Giampietro Campana di Cavelli 1861 purchased p 19t Carole Raddato from Frankfurt Germany p 9br Steff p 13r Map p 5 by Geoff Ward Artwork p 29 by Venetia Dean Cover Shutterstock Rich Lynch bg Louvre Museum Campana Collection purchase 1861 br Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Malam John author Ancient Greece inside out John Malam Ancient worlds inside out Includes index Issued in print and electronic formats ISBN 978-0-7787-2876-4 hardcover ISBN 978-0-7787-2890-0 softcover ISBN 978-1-4271-1847-9 HTML 1 Greece Social life and customs Juvenile literature 2 Greece Civilization To 146 B C Juvenile literature 3 Greece Antiquities Juvenile literature 4 Material culture Greece Juvenile literature 5 Greece History To 146 B C Juvenile literature I Title DF77 M25 2017 j938 C2016-907259-2 C2016-907260-6 Names Malam John 1957 author Title Ancient Greece inside out John Malam Description New York New York Crabtree Publishing Company 2017 Series Ancient worlds inside out Includes index Identifiers LCCN 2017000079 print LCCN 2017005539 ebook ISBN 9780778728764 reinforced library binding alkaline paper ISBN 9780778728900 paperback alkaline paper ISBN 9781427118479 Electronic HTML Subjects LCSH Greece Civilization To 146 B C Juvenile literature Greece Antiquities Juvenile literature Classification LCC DF77 M2846 2017 print LCC DF77 ebook DDC 938 dc23 LC record available at https lccn loc gov 2017000079 Crabtree Publishing Company www crabtreebooks com Copyright 2017 CRABTREE PUBLISHING COMPANY All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or be transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Crabtree Publishing Company 1-800-387-7650 Published in Canada Crabtree Publishing 616 Welland Ave St Catharines Ontario L2M 5V6 Published in the United States Crabtree Publishing PMB 59051 350 Fifth Avenue 59th Floor New York New York 10118 Published in the United Kingdom Crabtree Publishing Maritime House Basin Road North Hove BN41 1WR Published in Australia Crabtree Publishing 3 Charles Street Coburg North VIC 3058
Contents Who Were the Ancient Greeks Digging Up the Past City-States and Government The Family in Ancient Greece Food and Farming Theater and Plays Gods and Their Temples Sports Festivals The Greeks at War Writing and Philosophy Crafts and Trade Past to Present Measuring Time Glossary Learning More Index About the Author 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 32 32
Who were the ancient greeks Greece is a country in southeast Europe It is part of a peninsula which is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides The mainland is very rugged with some mountains reaching all the way down to the sea Europe’s First Great Civilization Greece was the place where the first great civilization of Europe flourished It was at its greatest during the 400s B C E which was about 2,500 years ago We call the people of this civilization the ancient Greeks The names Greek and Greece are modern English names They come from names first used by the Romans about 2,000 years ago The Romans called the people of Greece the Graeci and the land where they lived Graecia The ancient Greeks did not use these names They called themselves Hellenes and their land was Hellas Masters of the Sea The sea was very important to the ancient Greeks Famous Greek philosopher Socrates explained its importance in about 410 B C E when he is reported to have said We live around a sea like frogs around a pond With this statement Socrates explained how the Greek people depended on the sea hopping on and off ships as easily as frogs jumping in and out of a pond The ancient Greeks were excellent ship builders and sailors Their merchants and settlers sailed to faraway lands their battleships fought against enemy fleets and their fishermen knew where to find the best catches 4
What Is an Ancient Civilization Large settlements of people formed the basis of the first civilizations Through practices such as farming and the development of writing systems government and social classes the settlements grew into large cities These ancient civilizations led to the later development of present-day cities states and countries More than 2,000 islands belong to Greece Many were formed by volcanoes Today people live on about 200 of the Greek islands Key Ancient Greece around the year 500 B C E Present-day borders This map shows the principal city-states of ancient Greece Macedonia Albania Greece Aegean Sea Thebes Corinth Argos Athens Mycenae Sparta Mediterranean Sea Turkey Ephesus Miletus Knossos 5
