themselves Joyeuse said I decided to use one or the other on myself if I were surrounded The dragnet continued for me all night Joyeuse did escape even though the Germans caught and executed his Resistance colleagues He continued to collect valuable intelligence for the Allies through the rest of the war When the hostilities were finally over Joyeuse moved to the United States and became a doctor The Allies greatly appreciated his wartime services As a result after his death in June 2012 he was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia This cemetery is the final resting place for many of the country's greatest heroes BOND JAMES BOND Joyeuse is an example of what most Author Ian Fleming was involved in espionage people think about when they think of during World War II working for British Naval spies someone like James Bond who is Intelligence He took part in the planning of often in danger usually shooting it out Operation Mincemeat a deception that fooled the Germans into thinking an invasion was with the enemy But while Joyeuse was going to take place in Greece and Sardinia definitely a valuable part of the shadow rather than Sicily Coming up with dangerous war of World War II the war that took and elaborate missions was something he did place undercover not on the battlefields and he also participated in an actual spy mission in the field stealing and copying he was only one kind of person involved in German documents After the war when he espionage during the war began writing novels about the fictional spy James Bond he fictionalized many actual events A SPY ONSTAGE and devices in his books modifying them for the Cold War period One of Paris's most exotic singers and dancers during World War II was an American Josephine Baker She moved to
France to appear onstage in nightclubs and was often called Black Venus Black Pearl or Creole Goddess But Baker was much more than a flashy performer who captivated French audiences She had been recruited by the French intelligence agency and was an undercover agent for the French Resistance Baker helped the Resistance in many ways She often overheard conversations between German officers attending her performances in the nightclub and would relay any information that seemed useful to the Allies She also exposed French officers who were actually working for the Germans Baker was a well known star whose presence was part of the Paris nightclub scene and she often interacted with important people including Japanese officials and Italian government members She could later report back to the what heard Allies on she had from After the war Josephine Baker became involved in the American civil rights
SCANNING THE WAVES Allied spies had to overcome a major which area the broadcast had come from obstacle when sending radio messages to If they turned off power to a particular their commanders the Nazi D F direction section of the city and the broadcast finding teams Their job was to find illegal ceased suddenly then they had a fairly radios being used by the Resistance and by good idea the broadcast was originating espionage operatives If a spy had his or her in that section Then they patrolled the radio plugged into an electric outlet and streets in that particular section using broadcasted for more than a half hour the miniature listening sets until they found the Nazi D F team could isolate that signal by broadcast As a result Allied spies learned turning off a city's electric current section to keep their messages very brief to avoid by section until they were able to determine being discovered them in casual conversations Baker even went to parties in the Italian embassy and gathered information without anyone ever being suspicious of her Baker also traveled a great deal visiting major cities in Europe and entertaining the troops This gave her an opportunity to collect information and pass along messages and documents When traveling from France to Portugal she even smuggled information that had been written in invisible ink on the pages of her sheet music Baker s traveling performances also provided cover for other agents She could help them get visas by claiming they were a part of her performing company Of course she was also able to use her charm and appeal to help these other agents using her smile to end all smiles to persuade them to help
For her service to France during World War II Baker was given the Croix de Guerre and the Medal of the French Resistance with Rosette and she was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor all very prestigious French awards IT TAKES ALL KINDs Espionage during World War II took all kinds of people classic spies such as René Joyeuse undercover operatives such as Josephine Baker and many others who had the access or the expertise to benefit their country Many of these people did their jobs so well they would never be known or recognized after the war was over Some lost their lives while serving Others operated behind enemy lines and endured harsh conditions in concentration camps and other dangerous places all to work for the cause of defeating the enemy It is hard to imagine modern governments and conflicts without espionage intelligence operations and other covert activities But as World War II started in Europe and the United States realized it was likely to become involved in the war the Americans did not have a solid intelligence organization in place It would take the work of a president and a major general to establish an organization that still functions
