Published by Creative Education P O Box 227 Mankato Minnesota 56002 Creative Education is an imprint of The Creative Company www thecreativecompany us Design and production by Blue Design Art direction by Rita Marshall Printed in the United States of America Photographs by Getty Images Margaret Bourke-White Time Life Pictures Digital Vision NASA Space Frontiers Hulton Archive Jay M Pasachoff Vladimir Piskunov SSPL Stock Montage Universal History Archive iStockphoto Cristian Andrei Matei Aaron Rutten NASA NASA NASA CXC SAO STScl NASA ESA NASA ESA Hubble Heritage ESA Hubble Collaboration A Evans NASA ESA Hubble Heritage Team NASA ESA Hubble SM4 ERO Team NASA JPL-Caltech NASA JPL Caltech STScl Cover and folio illustration 2011 Alex Ryan Copyright 2013 Creative Education International copyright reserved in all countries No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McAuliffe Bill Galaxies by Bill McAuliffe p cm Mysteries of the universe Includes bibliographical references and index Summary An examination of the science behind the astronomical phenomena known as galaxies including relevant theories and history making discoveries as well as topics of current and future research ISBN 978-1-60818-188-9 hard cover ISBN 978-1-56660-138-2 eBook 1 Galaxies Juvenile literature I Title QB857 3 M33 2012 523 1’12 dc23 2011040140 First Edition 987654321
Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei circa 1610
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 9 CHAPTERS THE ISLAND UNIVERSES 10 EXPANDING UNIVERSE EXPANDING IDEAS 17 TOOLS OF DISCOVERY 29 WAY BACK TO THE FUTURE 37 GALACTIC ASIDES A REDSHIFT IN THINKING 21 WHERE NO MAN HAS GONE BEFORE 27 THE HANDY BLACK HOLE 41 BIG BANG IN A TUBE 44 ENDNOTES 46 WEB SITES 47 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 INDEX 48
