Phrases, Clauses, and Conjunctions

Phrases, Clauses, and Conjunctions — page 1 — Published by Creative Education P O Box 227 Mankato Minnesota 56002 Creative Education is an imprint of The Creative Company www thecreativecompany us Design and production by Liddy Walseth Art direction by Rita Marshall Printed by Corporate Graphics in the United States of America Photographs by Photographs by Corbis Hulton-Deutsch Collection Getty Images Archive Photos Anne Frank Fonds-Basel Anne Frank House-Amsterdam Michael Blann Tobi Corney Kim Sayer Kim Taylor Tom and Steve iStockphoto Jill Battaglia Andrea Gingerich Eileen Hart Hypergon Eric Isselée Guillermo Lobo Chris Price Steve Snowden Srdjan Srdjanov Syagci James Trice Copyright 2012 Creative Education International copyright reserved in all countries No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data for the hardcover edition Riggs Ann Phrases clauses and conjunctions by Ann Riggs p cm Understanding grammar Includes bibliographical references and index Summary An examination of the rules behind English grammar focusing on the components known as phras es clauses and conjunctions which are groups of words that comprise and connect all parts of a sentence ISBN 978-1-60818-094-3 hardcover ISBN 978-1-56660-058-3 eBook 1 English language Terms and phrases 2 English language Clauses 3 English language Conjunctions 4 English language Grammar I Title II Series PE1689 R47 2010 428 2 dc22 2010028302 CPSIA 110310 PO1386 First Edition 246897531

Phrases, Clauses, and Conjunctions — page 2 — TABLE of CONTENTS 4 INTRODUCTION CHAPTERS Flawless Phrases Further Phrasal Diversity Forming Alliances Relating Correlating and Cooperating Knowing All the Angles BUILD YOUR OWN SENTENCE ACTIVITIES 6 16 24 30 38 14 22 28 36 44 46 47 48 Verbs but Not Say This Instead A Healthy Perspective Friend or Foe Match Point SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY G L O S S A RY INDEX

Phrases, Clauses, and Conjunctions — page 3 — Music swells Siblings squabble Owls hoot I am Grammar is And just like that two words can become a SENTENCE The information in a short sentence can be expanded by adding more words that give vivid descriptions or speciﬁc reactions Where should those words be placed How does a writer know what PUNCTUATION to use What does all of that mean anyway Words fall into place more easily when one has an understanding of grammar a system of rules that gives writers the foundation for producing acceptable formal expression It is that acceptable form that appropri ate grammar which helps readers comprehend what has been written Basic sentences have a subject someone or something and a PREDICATE or verb action or state of being Within sentences are groups of words called phrases and clauses A phrase is a group of related words without subject and verb that acts like one PART OF SPEECH such as the phrase in the meantime which acts like an adverb or a word that describes a verb or the expression spill the beans phrasal verb or the description hovering in the branches adjective How are the words related Al though each word is still its own part of speech the group functions as a unit 4

Phrases, Clauses, and Conjunctions — page 4 — Clauses are different from phrases in that they have a subject and a verb A sen tence may have one clause or several but the minimum requirement is one since all clauses and all sentences need to have at least one group of words with a subject and a verb When a clause can stand by itself and make sense it’s called in dependent When it cannot exist on its own it’s called dependent and often needs the help of a connecting word a conjunction to attach it to a MAIN CLAUSE Conjunctions can coordinate SUBORDINATE and CORRELATE but whatever they do they always make phrases and clauses communicate within and between sentences Without all three parts phrases additional clauses and conjunctions our sentences would all have the same stark structure one clause of one subject and one verb Adding other words gives writers a way to increase variety in their work and bring sentences to life 5

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