Climate Change: Our Warming Earth

Climate Change: Our Warming Earth — page 3 — www abdopublishing com Published by Abdo Publishing a division of ABDO PO Box 398166 Minneapolis Minnesota 55439 Copyright 2015 by Abdo Consulting Group Inc International copyrights reserved in all countries No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher Essential Library is a trademark and logo of Abdo Publishing Printed in the United States of America North Mankato Minnesota 102014 012015 Cover Photos Photobank Gallery Shutterstock Images Michael Warwick Shutterstock Images Image Post Shutterstock Images Interior Photos Photobank Gallery Shutterstock Images 1 3 Michael Warwick Shutterstock Images 1 3 Image Post Shutterstock Images 1 3 Extreme Ice Survey AP Images 7 Nabil K Mark Centre Daily Times AP Images 9 Roger Ressmeyer Corbis 10 71 James Balog GDA AP Images 13 NASA 15 49 North Wind Picture Archives 17 dieKleinert SuperStock 19 Hulton-Deutsch Collection Corbis 21 29 Mondadori Getty Images 24 Arthur Green Bettmann Corbis 27 Mark Garlick Science Source 31 Bettmann Corbis 35 AP Images 37 39 Chris Stewart AP Images 41 Jim Sugar Corbis 42 NOAA 44 57 80 iStockphoto 47 Morton Beebe Corbis 51 Peter Zaharov Shutterstock Images 53 Bernhard Staehli Shutterstock Images 59 Gareth Fuller PA Wire AP Images 60 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Science Source 62 Ian Barrett CP AP Images 66 Alan Marler AP Images 69 Chiaki Tsukumo AP Images 73 Julia Moore Medford Mail Tribune AP Images 76 Tony Gutierrez AP Images 79 US National Snow and Ice Data Center AP Images 81 Bullit Marquez AP Images 84 NickolayLamm Splash News Corbis 87 Phil Klein AP Images 89 Rex Features AP Images 93 Department of Energy 96 Editor Arnold Ringstad Series Designer Craig Hinton Library of Congress Control Number 2014943865 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hand Carol Climate change our warming Earth Carol hand p cm History of science ISBN 978-1-62403-558-6 lib bdg Includes bibliographical references and index 1 Climatology History Juvenile literature 2 Weather Juvenile literature 3 Global warming Juvenile literature 4 Climate Juvenile literature I Title 551 6 dc23 2014943865

Climate Change: Our Warming Earth — page 4 — Contents Chapter One The Hockey Stick of Climate 6 Chapter Two The Early Years of Climate Science 16 Chapter Three Climate Science in the Early 1900s 26 Chapter Four Climate Science Heats Up 36 Chapter Five The Rise of Atmospheric Science 48 Chapter Six Evidence for Warming Builds 58 Chapter Seven The Rise of Climate Modeling 68 Chapter Eight Climate Change Today 78 Chapter Nine Climate Change Tomorrow 86 TIMELINE 98 ESSENTIAL FACTS 100 GLOSSARY 102 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 104 SOURCE NOTES 106 INDEX 110 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 112

Climate Change: Our Warming Earth — page 5 — Chapter One 6 Average global temperatures on Earth rose 1 53 degrees Fahrenheit 0 85 C between 1880 and 2012 1 More than half of this warming has occurred since 1979 Higher temperatures are causing rapid melting of Arctic and Antarctic ice and mountain glaciers decreases in overall snow cover warmer oceans and rising sea levels They are also making extreme weather events more frequent These stronger storms worse droughts and floods and heavier snowfalls lead to human deaths and destruction of property People are seeing the results of global warming on Earth and in their own lives Many species may go extinct as a result of climate change At least 97 percent of climate scientists now agree this warming most likely results from human activities 2 A key cause is the burning of fossil fuels When fossil fuels are burned they release gases into the atmosphere including carbon dioxide This Cameras designed to monitor Arctic glaciers have recorded direct evidence of increased melting The Hockey Stick OF CLIMATE

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