www abdopublishing com Published by Abdo Publishing a division of ABDO PO Box 398166 Minneapolis Minnesota 55439 Copyright 2015 by Abdo Consulting Group Inc International copyrights reserved in all countries No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher Essential Library is a trademark and logo of Abdo Publishing Printed in the United States of America North Mankato Minnesota 102014 012015 Cover Photos Corbis foreground Rafal Cichawa Shutterstock Images background Interior Photos Rafal Cichawa Shutterstock Images 3 Thinkstock 6 7 Tatiana Belova Thinkstock 8 Shutterstock Images 10 iStock Thinkstock 14 iStockphoto 16 17 31 37 47 61 64 65 90 91 Omer Saleem Newscom 19 National Museum of India New Delhi India Bridgeman Images 21 63 North Wind Picture Archives 24 93 MCLA Collection Alamy 27 39 Diego Lezama Orezzoli Corbis 28 29 Red Line Editorial 32 Corbis 40 41 Universal Images Group SuperStock 42 Dorling Kindersley Thinkstock 44 Russell Barnett DK Images 50 Age Fotostock SuperStock 52 53 78 Dinodia Photos Alamy 55 De Agostini Picture Library Bridgeman Images 67 Photos com Thinkstock 74 75 Altaf Qadri AP Images 81 Sergio DK Images 82 83 Rob Francis Alamy 88 Mike Watson Images Thinkstock 96 Editor Lauren Coss Series Designer Jake Nordby Library of Congress Control Number 2014943853 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rowell Rebecca Ancient India Rebecca Rowell p cm Ancient civilizations ISBN 978-1-62403-539-5 lib bdg Includes bibliographical references and index 1 Indus River Valley Civilization Juvenile literature 2 India History Juvenile literature 3 India Social life and customs Juvenile literature I Title 934 dc23 2014943853
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 The Birth of Buddhism 6 CHAPTER 2 Settling the Subcontinent 16 CHAPTER 3 Chiefs Kings and Castes 28 CHAPTER 4 Life Based in Faith 40 CHAPTER 5 Literature Art Music and Dance 52 CHAPTER 6 One Land Many Faiths 64 CHAPTER 7 Mathematics and Medicine 74 CHAPTER 8 Military Might 82 CHAPTER 9 Ancient India’s Legacy 90 TIMELINE 98 ANCIENT HISTORY 100 GLOSSARY 102 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 104 SOURCE NOTES 106 INDEX 110 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 112
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THE BIRTH OF BUDDHISM Siddhartha Gautama seemed to have everything anyone could possibly need His father was King Suddhodana a member of ancient India’s warrior class Siddhartha lived in approximately the 500s BCE in Kapilavastu located at the foot of the Himalayan Mountains in an area that is now Nepal Siddhartha Gautama later known as the Buddha founded Buddhism and was a pivotal figure in ancient Indian history CHAPTER 1 7
