Introduction magine a world without numbers How would someone tell time determine how far it is to drive to a concert in the next city find the total cost of a new smartphone or figure out a bank balance and the interest it has earned Numbers are part of daily life Arithmetic is the science of calculating with numbers People use numbers to measure time distance monetary values and more Rather than being a course in arithmetic this resource focuses on its operations Consider several goals of a high school student like making a budget planning to pay for college and keeping track of job earnings All these goals require arith metic Budgets involve adding income and subtracting expenses Finding the cost of college means subtracting financial aid from a school's sticker price Calculating a bank balance with job wage deposits and interest may use all six basic operations of arithmetic The six operations are addition sub traction multiplication division raising to powers and finding roots An example of raising to powers is the use of scientific notation This notation is a simplified way to write very small or very large numbers such as expressing distances in the solar sys tem or the number of acres in a town One
INTRODUCTION sees the use of finding roots in geometry For example given the volume of a cube the length of a side of the cube is found with finding roots Arithmetic also encompasses one to one correspondence Putting on shoes is an exam ple of one to one correspondence There is one foot that corresponds or goes with one shoe Making muffins also involves one to one correspondence Bakers put one muffin liner When making muffins or cupcakes the baker puts a muffin liner in each cup of the muffin tin which is an example of one to one correspondence elenaburn Shutterstock com
Arithmetic The Foundation of Mathematics in each muffin tin's cup In math a function shows a relationship between one or more variables A function has one to one corre spondence because each function output value corresponds to only one input value One to one correspondence means matching things like a foot with a shoe It can also match two numerical values like in a function Counting is an arithmetic pro cess that matches things with numbers like matching pencils in a classroom with num bers that indicate their amounts The results of this counting exercise help determine if there are enough pencils for each student People use the counting numbers or whole numbers beginning at o to perform the six basic operations of arithmetic Many students use social media Arithmetic is used to determine how many people visit these sites When students vote in school local state or national elections arithmetic finds the winners Arithmetic is also used to tally scores in sports like base ball as well as team activities like chess tournaments Many global organizations provide people in poverty with needed food medical treatment housing and education These organizations also use arithmetic for such
INTRODUCTION things as finding the number of people who need food or the number of life saving vac cinations to send Arithmetic is one of the most useful of all sciences It is used throughout the world and our daily lives making its importance clear This resource highlights the basic operations in arithmetic a reminder that all of the sim ple operations done with numbers would be virtually impossible without
