CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 12 CHAPTER 1 THE STUDY OF LIVING THINGS Subdivisions of Biology Biochemistry 14 18 18 20 23 CHAPTER 2 THE BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY Embryology and Developmental Biology Stem Cell Research Anatomy and Morphology Physiology Genetics and Molecular Biology Ecology Ethology and Sociobiology Evolutionary Biology Other Areas of Study 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 29 CHAPTER 3 THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY The Greeks and Natural Law The Middle Ages A Rebirth of Scientific Learning Francesco Redi Development of the Microscope 31 33 35 41 CHAPTER 4 WHAT DEFINES A LIVING THING Life in a single celled Organism Multicellular Organisms The Parts of Complex organisms Are Controlled Living Things Are Specialized Natural Selection and Adaptation 43 44 45
48 Atoms in Living Molecules How Algae and Plants Obtain Food How Animals Obtain Food Securing Energy from Food Carrying Food and Oxygen 49 49 50 CHAPTER 5 TYPES OF LIVING THINGS 52 54 Bacteria Archaea 55 Protists 58 59 60 Fungi Symbiosis Plants Animals 61 62 64 66 66 66 CHAPTER 6 THE EVOLUTION OF LIVING THINGS Seven Functions of Living Things Movement Sensitivity Respiration Nutrition Growth Reproduction 67 69 70 71 Excretion 73 74 75 CHAPTER 7 TAXONOMY AND GENETICs Carolus Linnaeus Evolutionary Theory Mechanism of Heredity Gregor Mendel Modern Developments 78 81 81 83 85 86 CONCLUSION GLOSSARY FOR MORE INFORMATION FOR FURTHER READING INDEX 88 91 92
