48 48 CHAPTER 5 HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY The First Archaeologists Before 1860 Welcoming the Paleolithic 1861 1901 New Theories 1901 32 Carleton Coon Archaeology and the Depression 1932 62 55 58 61 68 CHAPTER 6 RECENT TRENDS AND DISCOVERIES Nautical Archaeology Robert Ballard 75 Ancient Ruins Discovered in Cambodian Jungle 76 Unlocking More Stonehenge Secrets Technological Advancements Revolutionizing Archaeology 81 79 84 86 CoNCLUSION GLOSSARY FOR MORE INFORMATION FOR FURTHER READING 89 93 INDEX 95
INTRODUCTION Archaeologists mapping their finds at Pachacamac Peru an indigenous town occupied from approximately 200 BCE to 1532 CE when it was sacked by conquistadors under the command of Francisco Pizarro AP Images
INTRODUCTION veryone young and old has a natu ral curiosity about past civilizations human cultures and how ancient people once lived their daily lives Popular movies television shows and books provide fictional adventure stories of the discovery of strange ancient cities with unusual char acteristics Archaeology tells the real story of how humans evolved and cultures developed Archaeological research is important because it is the main method used to learn about soci eties that existed before writing was invented It also provides additional knowledge about ancient civilizations that left written records The word archaeology was first used in 1837 The term is made up of two Greek words archaios meaning ancient or old and logia meaning learning or study At that time most archaeologists studied ancient things By the mid 20th century archaeological research had expanded to include finding out how and why cultures change Archaeologists use scientific methods and analytical technologies to answer ques tions about humankind's past They carefully locate and study artifacts or the remains of things fashioned by people Artifacts include habitation structures tools clothing
