Indonesia

Indonesia — page 3 — INDONESIA IN THE PAST The Dutch East India Company headquarters at Batavia which later became Jakarta Indonesia has been an independent country DUTCH TRADERS for approximately 60 years More than 1 000 In the late sixteenth century Dutch traders years ago the country was a loose collection representing the powerful Dutch East India of Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms dotted Company arrived in Indonesia They drove across the islands Each had a different local out the Portuguese and took over territory leader In the sixteenth century Portuguese across the islands They did this to benefit traders captured the Malaku Islands to the from Indonesia s rich natural resources east of Indonesian Spices such as nutmeg and including spices but also to control the cloves that grew in the islands were valuable shipping routes in and around the country and in demand in

Indonesia — page 4 — CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING INDONESIA INDEPENDENCE INDONESIA TODAY President Sukarno arrived in Jakarta in The Dutch ruled Indonesia until World Indonesia has developed rapidly in recent War II when the Japanese briefly occupied decades to become the biggest economy in the islands At the end of the Second World Southeast Asia During the global economic War the vast majority of Indonesians wanted crisis early in the twenty first century it was an end to Dutch rule Nationalist leaders one of the few countries to keep growing including Kusno Sukarno seized the chance economically Indonesia has a booming to declare independence in 1945 Indonesia export trade based on natural resources such was ruled by Sukarno and then his former as rubber It also has a strong manufacturing military leader General Suharto for several industry Many Indonesians are seeing the decades In that time the economy expanded benefits of their country s growth as it has quickly boosted by money made from the the fastest growing number of millionaires sale of oil in the world However the majority of its population remains poor They have limited educational opportunities and little access to jobs paying decent wages 1949 for the official transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to

Indonesia — page 5 — FOCUS ON JAKARTA HISTORY The first people to settle on the site of Similar to many Dutch towns of the era modern day Jakarta chose it for two main Batavia was a walled city with canals reasons It was located at the mouth of a running through its center It had many river which provided settlers with plenty grand buildings such as the headquarters of of fresh water and it allowed the easy the Dutch East India Company As Batavia s transportation of goods from inland The population grew the Dutch expanded location also had a sheltered coast ideal for the city by draining marshlands and docking sh clearing forest PEPPER PORT MODERN JAKARTA By the thirteenth century the port of SundaIn 1949 Batavia was renamed Djakarta or Kelapa located in the north of present Jakarta as the capital of a fully independent day Jakarta was an important part of the Indonesia President Sukarno s aim was to Sunda kingdom that traded throughout transform the capital into a modern city to Southeast Asia and China High quality rival others worldwide He used state money black pepper grown in the hills above and encouraged foreign investment to build Sunda was in particular demand In 1513 a grand boulevard highways shopping Portuguese traders arrived in Sunda The centers big hotels and high rise office of the ity offered the Iem lan Ld to build towers Later leaders Iso supported growth fort and plenty of black pepper in return an Ld furth ler expansion of the C ity Jakarta for protection from ot ther ingdoms But has grown so much that it has merged within a few decades the Portuguese had with nearby towns to form the 11th largest been defeated A rival kingdom took Sunda urban conglomeration in the world with 28 Kelapa and renamed it Jayakarta million inhabitants rulers This old Dutch colonial buildi ing in Jakarta Sejarah History Mu BATAVIA At he end of the sixteenth Centu ary Dutch ships began to arrive in Jayakarta in search of riches from the spice trade City leaders made trading agreements with the Dutch but also with Englis sh traders in the area Tensions rose In 1619 the strengthened Dutch forces defeated the rulers of Jayakarta and the English They burned down much of the old city and bu a new larger city called Batavia A LDLE iiii Hi in iRTH ALIRL 10

Indonesia — page 6 — CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING INDONESIA The high rise modern buildings of Jakarta sit side by side with more traditional buildings The National Monument in central Jakarta symbolizes the country s struggle for independence TAT HEATWAVE Jakarta s Mangga Dua Mall is the city s biggest shopping complex 11

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