Lighthouses for Kids: History, Science, and Lore with 21 Activities
ful Lisa Reardon's careful and gentle guidance helped me through the final phases of the project Rebekah Frese and Amelia Moser read various chapters and tested activities Thanks also to Alex Bussan Beth Homan and the Storey family for their suggestions Numerous friends cheered me on including Cindy Blobaum whose last minute advice kept me going Tess Judge Ellis who offered much encouragement during the journey to publication and Claudia McGehee sponge painter extraordinaire who always asked good questions Special thanks to all the librarians lighthouse experts and local historians who provided research materials photographs and feedback this project would not have been possible without them The staff of the U S Coast Guard Historian's Office espe cially Christopher Havern was extremely helpful in providing access to their extensive collection Finally I appreciate the efforts of lighthouse keepers fami lies who dug through photo collections to provide images for this book Thanks to
1 Time Line About 280 B C The world’s first lighthouse Pharos completed About A D 50 Romans complete harbor at Ostia including lighthouse 869 Lighted pagoda helps mark entrance to harbor in Shanghai China 1157 Italians build lighthouse at Meloria 1669 Reflectors used in Swedish light house 1698 First tower at Eddystone in Eng land lighted 1699 Eddystone tower rebuilt and improved 1708 Third lighthouse at Eddystone lighted 1716 Lighthouse in Boston Harbor lighted 1719 First fog signal in colonial America used at Boston Harbor 1731 World's first lightship put in ser vice in England
1759 Smeaton's Eddystone tower lighted 1769 First twin lights in United States established at Plymouth Mass achusetts 1781 First flashing light in a lighthouse installed in Sweden Aimé Argand develops new type of oil lamp about this time 1788 First range lights in United States built at Plum Island Massachusetts 1789 Ninth Act of Congress puts federal government in charge of lighthouses 1792 Lighthouse at Cape Henry Virginia begins operating 1798 Highland Light Massachusetts is first flashing light in United States 1812 Winslow Lewis sells U S govern ment patent for oil lamps 1818 First lighthouse on Great Lakes completed at Buffalo New York 1820 First use of fog bell in United States Stephen Pleasonton takes charge of U S lighthouses First lightship in United States in service on Chesapeake Bay 1822 Augustin Fresnel invents Fresnel lens
1841 First Fresnel lens installed in United States at Navesink New Jer sey 1848 First screw pile lighthouse in United States built in Delaware Bay 1851 First Minot s Ledge Lighthouse in Massachusetts collapses Congress appoints Commission to study state of lighthouses 1852 Stephen Pleasonton loses job Lighthouse Board takes over 1854 First lighthouse on West Coast starts operating on Alcatraz Island California 1855 Construction begins on second lighthouse at Minot s Ledge 1869 First steam powered fog signals used in United States 1877 U S lighthouses begin to use kerosene 1882 Smeaton's Eddystone tower replaced 1887 First pneumatic caisson lighthouse in United States built 1907 Gustaf Dalén invents sun valve 1910 Lighthouse Board dissolved U S Bureau of Lighthouses known as the Lighthouse Service formed 1939 U S Lighthouse Service merges with Coast Guard 1968 Coast Guard starts Lighthouse Automation and Modernization Pro gram LAMP
