your mission Your mission is to investigate how oil and coal are used as energy sources Right now fossil fuels including oil and coal provide more than 80 percent of the energy used in the United States People use oil and coal every day to fuel cars and buses create electricity and more Oil and coal supplies are limited But they still have an important role to play in our energy future You need to learn more about these important fuels to understand why How were they formed How do they produce energy What effects do oil and coal have on the environment Review the facts in What You Know to help you with your mission what you know (cid:204) Fossil fuels include coal oil and natural gas (cid:204) Fossil fuels are the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago (cid:204) Coal is a black or brown rock made up mostly of carbon Most coal in the United States is used to generate electricity 4
(cid:40)(cid:66)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:1) (cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:81)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:15) (cid:204) Crude oil or petroleum is a liquid fossil fuel Petroleum is our primary source of energy for transportation (cid:204) Fossil fuels take millions of years to form They cannot form as fast as we are using them This makes them nonrenewable energy sources Abby Parks is doing a science project on how energy is used today She will meet with experts to learn about oil and coal Carry out your mission by reading Abby’s journal 5
(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:67)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:27) North Dakota Oil Field I decide to kick off my research by learning more about oil I know North Dakota is known for producing a lot of oil So I make a trip to a North Dakota oil field to start my research Penny Dorn is the vice president of the oil company (cid:53)(cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:67)(cid:90)(cid:1)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:78)(cid:1)(cid:84)(cid:78)(cid:66)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1) (cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:80)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:1)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:1)(cid:78)(cid:74)(cid:77)(cid:77)(cid:74)(cid:80)(cid:79)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1)(cid:90)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:1)(cid:80)(cid:71)(cid:1) (cid:73)(cid:70)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:1)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:69)(cid:1)(cid:81)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:84)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:70)(cid:15) 6
Welcome to our oil field Abby she says Before I show you around how about a little bit of background on oil Penny explains that oil is a fossil fuel It formed from tiny sea creatures that lived more than 300 million years ago These sea creatures sank to the bottom of ancient oceans when they died Then they were covered with layers of mud The layers became thicker until there were hundreds and sometimes thousands of feet of earth covering the dead sea life Over millions of years pressure and heat turned the sea life fossils into oil and natural gas Penny also tells me that oil wells have been around for a while In Titusville Pennsylvania Edwin L Drake drilled the first oil well in 1859 People began using oil to produce gasoline In the 1880s the demand for gasoline increased because cars started being produced By the 1920s there were 9 million cars in the United States Gas stations began popping up everywhere Since that time we have become dependent on crude oil Next I learn that the oil well pumps oil from a reservoir underground Do you know what an oil reservoir is she asks I imagine that it’s an underground pool of oil But Penny says oil reservoirs are actually areas of rock These spots have droplets of oil stored in the pores or spaces of the rocks 7
